
CJisss 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



/ 



"The countenance is the portrait of the soul,"— Cicero. 

FACIOLOGY. 

"To see oursels as ithers see lis."— Burns. 



HUMAN NATURE, 

BRAINS AND FORMS, 

THE SCIENCE OF CHARACTER. 



**The truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth." 



BY 



LA VERGNE BELDEN STEVENS, LL. B. 

Author of "Criminology," 

Lecturer on Physiognomy and Phrenology. 



NEW, PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFIC, ILLUSTRATED. 



EXTRACTS FROM LAVATER- 



Know then thyself, presume not God to scan, 
The proper study of mankind is man." 

—Pope. 



DONOHUE. HENNEBERRY & CO. 
Publishers and Booksellkrs, 
CHICAGO. 



" Your face, my thane, is a book, where men 
May read strang-e matters." — Shakspeare. 

How to Read Faces and Heads 




LA VERGNE BELDEN STEVENS. LL. B. 



"TliP oonntenancp is the portrait of the soul,"— Ci'oero. 

FACIOLOGY 

"To see oursels as ithers see us."-^Bwrns. 

HUMAN NATURE, 

BRAINS AND FORMS, 

THE SCIENCE OF CHARACTER. 



'*The truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth." 



LA VERGNE BELDEN 'STEVENS, LL. B. 

Author of "Criminology," 

Lecturer on Physiognomy and Phrenology. 



NEW, PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFIC, ILLUSTRATED. 

/ 

EXTRACTS FROM LAVATER 

i^ 

^ •> 

" Know then thyself, presume not God to scan, "V/ ^/" w 
The proper study of mankind is man." 

—Pope. 




l7RT<H^ 



DOXOHUE HENNEBERRY A CO. 

PrnLIfiHEP.S AM) ROOKSKLLERS, 

CHICAGO. 






Copyrighted 1893 

By L. B. STEVENS. 
All Rights Reserved. 



DcMcateD. 



I inscribe this book 
to my kind and loving 

/nbotbcr, 
in remembrance of her noble char- 
acter, the many kindnesses and 
valuable lessons I received at home. 



CONTENTS. 



HEADS AND FORMS. 



PART I. 
Preface. 

Human Nature, A Science, Utility. 

Physiognomy, Proven, Illustrated. 

Phrenology, The Fundamental Principles. 

Crantology, Brains and Skulls, How to Study them. 

Mental Faculties, Located, Briefly Described. 

Forms, The Laws of Temperaments. 



FACIOLOGY. 



PART II. 
Initial. 

Revelations of the Face. Philosophy of Beauty. 

The Forehead, The Seat of the Intellect. 

The Language of the Eyes and Eyebrows. 

Nasology, What's in a Nose ? 

The Mouth, The Phonograph of the Mind. 

Facial Poles of Health and Disease. 

The Cheeks, What Qualities they Indicate. 

The Chin, Traits of Character Represented by it. 

The Hair, "The Crown of Glory." What the Shroud of 

Man Expresses. 
Wrinkles, The Telautograph of the Mind; Causes and 

Meaning. 
The Walk, In Manifesting Mental Character. 
The Voice, The Echo of the Mind. 
Laughter, As an Indicator of Character. 
Character in Methods of Salutation and Handshaking. 



PREFfVGE 



Although this work is in itself a complete manual to 
character study, yet it was my original intention to 
publish it only as supplementary to a more elaborate 
treatise on ''Criminology," as founded on the functions 
of the brain, but on account of an accident, the 
publication of this book has been delayed. 

The preparation for the companion volumes has 
extended over a period of a number of years of inces- 
sant scientific observation and experience. Learning 
the true principles of mental science, as discovered by 
Dr. Gall, when a mere lad, and the art to apply them, 
and for the reason of my peculiar domicile, early asso- 
ciations and surroundings,* I possessed unusual oppor- 
tunities to test their truth or falsity. 

At the age of seventeen I entered the University of 
Michigan, where my love for scientific study increased. 
There was nothing in the curriculum of this great 
institution that afforded me so much satisfaction as the 
study of human nature. Here was a broad field for 
investigation ; every individual that was eccentric and 
peculiar, that had a pronounced fault or weakness, or 
noted for some abnormal power, I studied closely their 
craniums and faces, took measurements and made com- 
parisons. Since graduating from the university I have 

* My boyhood days were spent in living in a large hotel. The best place 
In the world to study character; here we meet, congregated together, the 
greatest variety oE the human family, and see exposed more vividly their 
peculiar natures. 



8 PKEFACE. 

examined professionally over 5,000 heads, brains, skulls 
and faces; visited State prisons, insane asylums, feeble 
minded institutes, poor houses, dens of horror and vice, 
and everywhere I could find rare t3^pes of exalted and 
degenerated manhood and womanhood. My observa- 
tions have extended into the most prominent public 
institutions in ten States. Of the inhabitants of 
foreign climes, I have made special examination of 
over ten chosen representatives, in different callings 
and ranks in fifteen nationalities. In all my varied 
researches I have failed to find any exceptions or con- 
tradictions to its fundamental principles. 

In the presentation of this volume I have refrained 
as much as possible from being too scientific, but to be 
practical and clear has been my object. Each chapter 
is profusely illustrated, by heads and faces taken from 
photographs or lifcy of the most famous men and 
women, who are noted for abnormal developments, 
good or bad. I desire to acknowledge my great indeb- 
tedness to the works of Gall and Spurheim, Lavater, 
Geo. Combe, O. S. Fowler, Nelson Sizer, S. K. Wells, 
in the pursuance of my studies. I have quoted liber- 
ally from many authors. 

In giving " Faciology" to the thinking public I have 
no apologies to offer. I am convinced of the great 
utility and importance of the truths it contains, and 
if its influence will be such as to induce others to study 
the science, my object will be accomplished. 

Author. 



HUMAN NATURE. 



•'The still, sad music of hnmoimij."— Wordsworth. 
" So much to pardon, so much to pity, so much to admire ! " 

— Longfelloio. 

" Poor humanity! — so dependent, so insignificant, and yet 

so great." — Mme. SwetcMne. 
"Nature hath framed strange fellows in her time." — 

Shakespeare. 
" Nature is always wise in every part." — Theodore Parker. 
"Come forth into the light of things, let nature be your 

teacher." — Wordsworth. 
'■' Nature and wisdom are never at strife." — Shakespeare. 



Human nature is the noblest study of the world; as 
much as man transcends all sublunary things, so does 
the study of man supercede and surpass all other sub- 
jects. Anthropology is the science of the sciences. 
Man studied from any point of view is interesting, 
instructive and practical ; anatomically, he is wonder- 
ful ; physiologically, he is amazing ; each function a 
volume, each organ an immensity. But the brain is 
the masterpiece of divine invention, the finest piece of 
mechanism of a God. " The human brain," says 
Schelling," is the highest bloom of the whole metamor- 
phosis of the earth." When we touch the dome of the 
human body, we touch heaven. When we investigate 
the functions of this organ of the soul, our minds soar 
away from materialism into the spiritual realms, to 
something higher than earth. In the language of Pope : 
" Pursues that chain which links the immense design, 
Joins heaven and earth, and mortal and divine." 



lO FAClOLOGt. 

The brain is the dynamo of ail mental manifestations ; 
it is the electric motor that controls all physical actions 
and all physiognomical expressions. The brain is the 
instrument through which the mind acts, the body is 
simply the tool of the brain. The basis upon which the 
human constitution is constructed, mental and physical, 
is the brain. Therefore, to learn of the mental, to study 
the spiritual, to know the mind and its divine endow- 
ments, we must observe and study the living material 
temple of the psychic. After centuries of research and 
costly experience, man has at last been taught the 
valuable lesson, what was at first blush self-evident ; 
that the immaterial is known by the material, that to 
know the spiritual we must study the physical. 

NATURAL LAWS AND SCIENCE. 

The whole creation was instituted on scientific prin- 
ciples; natural laws govern and control the universe; 
through them " we live, move and have our being." 
Science is the cipher to study the hieroglyphics of 
nature; the alphabet by which we read the wisdom 
and benevolence of God in all his works. God gave 
man intellect to comprehend natural laws; reason, to 
discover science; logic and science are synonyms. 
Science gave birth to civilization ; science is the ship 
that sails the infinite sea of wisdom ; science is the 
light of truth. 

Retrogress the un paved avenue of time ; behold the 
appalling and ghastly panorama of three centuries ago ; 
observe the world without science — the dark ages — 
contemplate humanity as we look backward; weak, 
depraved and degenerate; fear and superstition the only 
religion, ignorance the only accomplishment, selfish 
priesthood was the only profession ; to think aloud was 
a crime; to suggest a reform was a penal offense; to 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 11 

be a philosopher would be to suffer the persecution and 
fate of Socrates, Galileo, Bruno and all the martyrs of 
truth and science. Man was prohibited by law from 
studying his own body. Pope Boniface YIII. issued a 
bill threatening extreme punishment to any who dare 
to dismember the human body. Yersalus was branded 
by the inquisition for revealing man to man, as it 
branded Bruno and Galileo for revealing the wonders 
of the heavens. Versalus had the boldness to study 
the anatomy of the human body by actual dissections, 
a practice absolutely forbidden., He founded a science 
at the cost of his life. Astronomers were considered 
enemies to society, their doctrines irreligious ; geolo- 
gists were stigmatized infidels. Thus man's intellect 
was dwarfed, his higher nature stifled, while his baser 
elements, the propensities and animal instincts were 
stimulated, aroused and developed. Human nature 
must assert itself ; from such a brain no good action 
could originate; cruelty was the only reform; cruelty and 
crime grow from the same stem ; where there is ignor- 
ance there is superstition. About the beginning of the 
seventeenth century people began to think, the mill- 
dew on the glasses of reason was cleared away, the 
clouds that darkened man's mental sky were departing 
and admitting the light of truth, the gray dawn of 
rising science — the sun of the intellect — began to ap- 
pear; civilization began to spread; the race began to 
advance. 

" Why is it, man has accomplished more in the last 
fifty years than any previous thousand ? " Simply 
because he has reasoned, studied natural phenomena, 
discovered science. Science captured electricity and 
learned us to use its miraculous powers ; discovered 



12 J-ACIOLOGY. 

chemistry, showed us how to utilize it in arts and 
manufactures ; founded geology and taught us how to 
study the strata of the earth ; looked at the heavens 
and wrought astronomy and unfolded the laws govern- 
ing the earthj sun and planets ; conceived mathematics 
and revealed its uses in commercial life ; established 
physiognomy and phrenology and how to apply them 
for the amelioration of man. What do we posssss in the 
living world that is good and great, that is not directly 
the result of science? " The scientific study of nature 
tends not only to correct and ennoble the intellectual 
conceptions of man , it serves also to ameliorate his 
physical condition." Science is knowledge, all other 
thoughts and conceptions of the human mind is 
nescience or conjecture ; science is exchangeable word 
with truth, and the only reliable information ; while 
nescience consists of opinion, myth, doctrine, dogma, 
speculation and is unreliable thought. Science is 
nature ; nature is infallible. Theories are human, facts 
are divine. 

]N"atural laws are unchangeable; they are inexorable. 
Jesus told his disciples that "it is easier for heaven and 
earth to pass away than for one title of the laws to 
fail." Throughout the universe "every effect has a 
specific cause and every cause its own legitimate effect." 
Human nature has been the same since the fall of man; 
everywhere in God's kingdom the infinite mind breathes 
with impartiality, unbiased and unprejudiced. Before 
the age of Copernicus the heavens were as celestial and 
sublime to the eye as now, and the sun, planets and 
universes passed through space with as much harmony 
and order ; but they appear different to the intellect, 
because reason has discovered the science of their mo- 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 13 

tions. Apples fell from the trees before the days of 
Newton, but the laws of gravitation, that drew them 
to the mother earth was the same. Newton's intellect 
only discovered their principles. The laws of heredity 
and environment have existed since the birth of the 
first child, but man all the centuries was ignorant of 
their purposes; science today is revealing their high im- 
portance. Prior to the birth of Gall (1758-died 1828) 
the brain was the seat of intelligence, sentiment, passion 
and propensities — the medium of mental action. But 
their functions was a profound secret encased within 
the skull. Gall and Spurzheim, his pupil and apostle, 
eminent philosophers and scientists, only held the mir- 
ror up to nature and recorded her laws, nothing more. 
Their discoveries were at enmity with the philosophy 
of the ages, but true because founded on nature. God's 
laws are the same "today, yesterday and forever." If 
v/e could search the whole world through, we would 
find that ^*there is no variableness nor shadow of turn- 
ing," no exceptions, no repealing, no setting aside, no 
miracles, but all are simple, positive and just. 

Man's constitution, like all other divine creations, is 
governed by natural laws ; science entwines his life ; 
philosophy is the art of living and the rule of all life. 
These law^s are wise and beneficial provisions for man's 
happiness ; every pain of the body, every anguish of 
the soul, are penalties for violating some divine man- 
dates ; disease, crime, insanity, comes onh^ from disobed- 
ience of God's ordinances. Conformity to these pre-ex- 
isting laws gives health, pleasure and contentment. 
Oh, how glorious and luxurious is life ; how sweet and 
heavenly is existence; what a paradise is earth, to 
those w^ho know and follow the philosophy of nature. 



14 FACIOLOGT. 

THE UTILITY OF SELF KNOWLEDGE. 

Human science is obviously the most important of 
all sciences ; first, because it teaches man himself, the 
most essential of all knowledge ; secondl}^, because it 
enables man to know every other man, to read human 
nature. "Know thyself," says Seneca, -'this is the 
great object." All other information is subordinate to 
this. Unless man knows his own deformities and 
weaknesses ; unless he has power to examine his organ- 
ism and learn what talent is sick, what faculty lame, 
what power excessive ; unless he knows his own plan 
of construction, what poor work will he make in the 
rebuilding of his nature. To educate yourself, to im- 
prove yourself aright, you must first possess the indes- 
pensible ability of knowing yourself. '' Who has de- 
ceived thee so often as thyself ? " says Franklin. Every 
individual is peculiar to himself and requires special 
remedies. Every person is adapted to follow some 
particular vocation better than any other, but unless we 
understand the science of ourselves, it is luck if you 
pursue the right course. Man may be as profound as 
Plato, as brilliant as Yoltaire, as learned as Gladstone'; 
unless he has tested his powers or knows the philoso- 
phy of his own mind, understands the language of his 
own nature, he will not know what faculties are weak 
or strong, or how to cultivate or restrain them ; whether 
he is fit for the pulpit, or the bar, or the farm. "It is sel- 
dom," wrote Bovee, " we find out our great resources 
until we are thrown upon them." The building of a 
good character is every individual's paramount duty ; 
every one should be ambitious to make the most of 
themselves ; our highest aim should be to employ our 
own God-given forces to their utmost capacity ; we are 
failures in this life, to the amount we fall short of this 



BKAIXS A^^D FORMS. 15 

standard, no matter what is accomplished. Ever}^ man 

should seek his level best. 

The great Scottish bard evidently understood the 

significance and utility of being able to know one's 

self, when he wrote : 

" O, wad some power the giftie gie us, 

To see oursels as it hers see us ; 
It wad frae monie a blunder free us, 

An' foolish notion." 
God answered this poetical prayer when man was 
made ; but this divine truth remained a secret of nature 
until a little more than one hundred vears a2:o when 
Dr. Gall made the discovery, and gave the world the 
only true mental science. God never intended man 
to be ignorant of man ; Providence wrote the char- 
acter of all things — stones, grass, plants, birds, 
animals and man — on their constitutions, their face 
and their body, in a plain legible hand, and gave 
man reason, the key to translate this language. The 
wisdom of the infinite Being is nowhere more truly 
exposed, than the relationship of man to his environ- 
ments. God gave man enough, but no more than 
man needs. Man has power to philosophize and 
invent, to investigate natural phenomena, and he is 
compelled at his peril, to use this function for his 
benefit. Every faculty of our minds was given for 
an express duty ; all these powers must be properly 
used or abused ; man without reason is but little, if 
any, higher than the monkey. 

God never does for man what man can do for 
himself. Nature never grows the varnished furniture, 
only the tree ; man never digs from the bowels of the 
earth gold and silver coins and watches,merely the raw 
ore ; man does not resurrect from the quarries polished 



16 FACIOLO&Y. 

statues, but rugged boulders ; telephones and tele- 
graphs are not constructed by God; He only furnishes 
the power; Providence never gave man steamboats 
and railways, only invention and reason ; man does 
not receive from the silk-worm^ ready made, the 
beautiful patterns of brocaded silk. Heaven aids 
man, but man must also help himself. Grapes in 
their natural state were sour , olives were bitter ; the 
wild rose was single leaved ; the horse was untamed. 
Every improvement and reform of the world has 
been the offspring of man's intellect, with science the 
father. 

Man likewise was born to the earth, an unfinished 
product, possessing a deformed brain, an imperfect 
mind ; as the diamond must be cut and polished, as the 
marble chisled and sculptured, as the ore smelted and 
moulded, as the horse haltered and broke, so man may 
be developed, educated and refined in the school of 
life. Man, unlike all the other beings of the earth, 
possesses a constructive force within himself ; man has 
power to correct himself, each organ of the brain, as 
each function of the physiology, is capable of being 
developed and augmented by proper use; the percep- 
tion, reason, naemory, love, hope, conscience, faith, 
worship, firmness, self-esteem, etc., all the faculties of 
the mind, can be enlarged and strengthened, the char- 
acter rounded ana perfected, by exercise, drill and 
culture. Self-knowledge with self-discipline will 
transform the work of nature, and defy the fate of 
heredity. The thought "I was born so and cannot 
help it" is no longer admissible. Had Socrates, De- 
mosthenes, Jeremy Taylor, St. Paul, Julius Csesar, 
Pope, Descartes, and hundreds of others famous as im- 



BRAIXS A^^D FORMS. 17 

mortals in the world's history, when young said: 
''I am what I am by reason of birth," and rested their 
efforts there, the globe would be minus, her brightest 
lights and most influential characters. Man is 
a self-determining being ; he is his own architect, the 
father of his own destin}^ the builder of his own 
fortune. '* The fault, dear Brutus is not in our stars, 
but in ourselves that we are underlings." "This is the 
seal of the absolute and sublime destiny of man," says 
Hegel, "that he knows what is good and what is evil ; 
what his destmy is ; his abilit}^ to will either good or 
evil." Man should be master and not a creature of cir- 
cumstance. The orange left alone would never become 
sweet ; the horse would never have harnessed itself ; 
the ape is always an ape, nothing higher. But history 
convinces us that man has been continually emerging 
from barbarism, although he has never been perfect, he 
is progressing. • 

Man was created in tlie immage of God (Christ truly 
said, "He that seeth me seeth him that sent me.") 
Depraved, polluted, defiled, weakened, yet retaining 
all the characteristics of a God-head. Man with such 
a likeness must have undaunted sway in the world ; 
with all the elements of the infinite mind he must have 
unrestricted correspondence with the whole universe. 
Man's intellect cannot be determined ; there is nothing 
in the broad expanse of nature beyond his comprehen- 
sion. Man's brain makes him the in former and reformer 
of the globe ; gives him "dominion over the fish of the 
sea, and over the fowls of the air. and over everything 
that moveth upon the face of the earth." Yet, after 
all, of how little consequence is this imperial authority 
unless man is first king of himself, " The world's 



18 FACIOLOGY. 

greatest conqueror is the man who conquers himself;" 
the greatest general is the one who can marshal his 
own forces to their best advantage; the philantrophist 
who can reform the world and not himself is weak 
indeed. " Show me a man who is not passion's slave 
and I will press him to the heart of hearts." What 
man is great ? The man who subdues his own passions. 
Who is strong? The one who foils selfishness and 
guides the propensities by the lights of moral sentiment 
and reason. Man's animal nature, the baser elements 
of the brain, rule only when reason is dethroned and 
morality seduced." 

How much wiser is the man w4io knows the science 
of himself, than the philosopher who knows the uni- 
verse. Man may study geology until his frame withers 
with age, and he will be as ignorant of human nature, 
the causes of mental action, a knowledge of himself, as 
when he began. One may study astronomy until their 
hair grows silvery, and they will be no nearer the 
science of life, than when he first saw the stars. How 
immeasurably greater is the science that studies and 
dissects the globe of the brain and reveals man his true 
self, his good and bad qualities, the strong and weak 
faculties, and prescribes the remedies for their improve- 
ment, to reform our deformities, to enlighten the 
intellect, to stimulate our benevolence, to brighten our 
conscience, to purify our loves; than the science that 
dissects the globe of the earth and analyzes the rock, 
or amputates the blossoms and numbers the petals of a 
flower. The material sciences are interesting and 
practical, wonderful and profound, their study should 
be encouraged in so far as it benefits man ; "A rational 
nature" whites Antonimus, "admits nothing but what 



BRAINS AND f^OHMS. 19 

is serviceable to the rest of mankind." I would not 
rob them of a scintilla of their usefulness in the realm 
of learning, but as much as man is superior to the plant 
and the rock, so the study of man surpasses the physi- 
cal sciences. Botany teaches the florist to cultivate 
the vine and the flower, to perfect the rose; zoology 
the study of animals and fishes, their natures and how 
to improve their growth. How superlatively more 
practical and instructive is the science whose whole 
aim and object is to ennoble womanhood, exalt man- 
hood, to raise the standard of the race. "lam a man," 
says Torrence, "and nothing which relates to man can 
be a matter of unconcern to me." To know one's self 
is to know mankind. '-If man should commence by 
studying himself he would soon see how impossible it 
is to go further" wrote Pascal. " I love my country 
better than my family ; but I love human nature better 
than my country," says Fenelon. 

BRAIN AND CHARACTER. 

The nation is developed in proportion with the 
nation's brains ; to enrich the world we must first 
enrich man. Nothing is educated or cultivated, 
improved or elevated, except by the touch of man's 
master hand. The brain is the standard of the man. 
Man is good, benevolent, intellectual, mean, dishonest, 
criminal by virtue of his brain. Man always has and 
always will act according to the shape of his skull. The 
difference between the Mongolian of the far west, who 
rears bis miserable wigwam of twigs and turf, and the 
civilized Caucasians,from whose hands spring palaces of 
crystal, is but a matter of brains. The progress of the 
world from savagery to civilization, each degree, is 
marked by the conformation of the cranium. 

It is a well established fact that every function and 



20 FACIOLOGY. 

power of nature operates through a special organ, 
endowed with a definite constitution, by virtue of 
YArhich, it performs in a pa^rticular way. The same 
function everywhere uses the same instrument ; one 
power never borrows the tool of the other ; the eye is 
the seat of vision, the ears of hearing, the nose con- 
tains the sense of smelling, the teeth, stomach, veins, 
glands, lungs, etc., throughout the animal world have 
the same duties to execute. 1^6 law of providence is 
more clearly proven than this. The brain is the seat 
of the mind of all beings and creatures — birds, fishes 
animals and man. This fact is no longer controverted 
but conceded by all authorities. The mind consists of 
a plurality of faculties, the brain necessarily is corn- 
composed of a congeries of organs. On the principle 
that each force of nature must have its own instrument, 
therefore the brain should have as many organs in its 
construction as there are faculties of the mind. Eea- 
son, love, conscience, benevolence, tune, color, etc., all 
must have individual organs to manifest their functions, 
as each power of the body has its own functionary, 
digestion, circulation,locomotion,respiration, etc.,are all 
performed by separate organs. Man's mind possseses 
more faculties than the animal,thereforehis brain is the 
more complex and larger. The organs of the brain as the 
functions of the body, worli independent of each other. 
In the body one set of muscles may be strong while 
another set weak ; the blacksmith's right arm is much 
larger and more powerful than his left. So the stomach 
may be relatively stronger than the lungs;the eyes good 
and the ears deaf; all men and women are stronger in 
some functions than in others, no perfect individual 
ever lived. Likewise the brain is constituted; man may 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 21 

be well developed in the social proclivities and deficient 
in intellectuality; one may be a philosopher and small 
in the pushing powers and combatative talents; one 
may be learned and profound and yet unable to whistle 
a tune or understand a note; one may be a poet and 
so devoid of calculation as not to master the multipli- 
cation table; some people are color blind, unable to see 
the beauties of the rainbow, and smart in other direc- 
tions; there was an idiot in Barnum's circus that v^as 
so large in the faculty of tune that he conducted the 
band in marvelous time, but he knew not a note, could 
not reason or speak an intelligent word. This plurality 
of the mind and independent manifestation of each indi- 
vidual faculty is what causes the Dr. Jekyl and Mr. 
Hyde in human nature, the versatility of character, 
the differences between men. 

" 'Tis education that forms the common mind, 
As the twig is bent so is the tree inclined." 

Man is a creature of both heredity and environment ; 
to a great extent he is the model of his ancestors ; the 
child is guilty of the faults, diseases, appetites and 
excesses of the parents. " Like parents, like progeny," 
this is an incontestable fact. The laws of growth and 
development are the greatest known to science. Cir- 
cumstances may be more influential and powerful in 
moulding the character than the effects of birth. Sur- 
roundings and education properly achuinistered will, to 
a marvelous extent, develop or restrain the child's 
inherited weaknesses and excesses. The mother by the 
aid of the simple doctrines of mental science, as she 
holds her babe in her arms can survey the head and 
learn what will be the child's life and character in its 
future career, if allowed to continue in its natural 



s^ 



FACIOLOGY. 



course. If the brain is too large for the body she 
knows the remedy to counteract and secure harmony; 
if the propensities are predominating she will know 
how to cultivate the higher nature and curb the lower ; 
if intellectual, she can smooth his pathway in a lofty 
career ; if a natural criminal she can thank heaven that 
she has the principles to make her child an honest, 
moral and intelligent citizen ; if she desires him to 
be an artist, lawyer, doctor, preacher, merchant or 
musician, she knows how and what powers must be 
specially developed to be successful in that particular 
calling. If this is true, what study, what science, 
what knowledge, what information is of any com- 
parison to this ? What mother does not desire above 
all things of earth, healthy, beautiful, intelligent, moral 
children. No duty will be too irksome for the undying 
love of a mother to accomplish this high object. Yet 
this science is within her competent research, and 
easily acquired. This is the only system of education 
founded on the nature of man, therefore tlie only true 
and scientific method of constructing the brain and 
educating the mind. 

THE PRACTICAL BENEFITS OF MENTAL SCIENCE. 

" Faciology^' opens up an old, familiar and 
picturesque field of observation in a new and 
scientific light; it gives one a mortgage on man, a 
(/^^cm-ownershipin every creature and individual that 
comes v/ithin our range of contemplation ; this science 
stimulates our observation and augments our reason ; 
it teaches us to interrogate the causes and meaning 
of human actions ; this study intensifies our interest in 
humanity, and fills the heart with a higher and more 
ardent devotion to philanthropy; a knowledge of 
human nature makes us more reverential to all that is 



BRAIDS AND FORMS. 



^^ 



Sublime, o^reat and good ii\ character, and benign, 
benevolent and gentle to all that is weak and depraved 
in human nature. "When we are conscious of the fact 
that this meanness, that peculiarity, this eccentricity, 
that weakness, is the result of physical conditions, 
deformed brains, we will possess a more humane feel- 
ing, a tenderer regard for the misdoings and criminal 
actions of others. 

There is nothing frivolous, useless or trashy, within 
the broad domains of this science ; but all is interesting, 
instructive, practical, ennobling, full of flesh and sub- 
stance. That this subject is legitimate and proper 
cannot be doubted. What science or study could be 
more so? What course of investigation and thought 
is more exalted and dignified than the study of man — 
God's masterpiece? What methods of pastime affords 
so much scope for amusement? The theater presents no 
such dramas, comedies and tragedies as the stage of 
real life ; the episodes and romances in genuine human 
affairs are stranger and more entertaining than the 
most fanciful creations of the most gifted imagination; 
more instructive, because true and tangible, while those 
of the novelist are fictitious, false and lead one to reach 
false conclusions about human nature. The works of 
ancient and modern authors that have been most exten- 
sively read are such works as Pilgrim's Progress, 
Shakespear's dramas, the novels of Dickens, Lytton 
and Hawthorne,because these authors have been masters 
in picturing character, in detailing human traits. But 
after all the real substantial benefit derived from 
psychological studies from creations of the imagination 
are seldom helpful, if not injurious. Why not learn 
the science itself^ that God has bequeathed to man for 



^d ^AClOLOG-r. 

his use and benefit ? If young \Yomen and young men 
would pursue this study with one-third the vigor that 
they now peruse cheap novels and worthless literature, 
they would soon become expert in one of the highest 
branches of learning, namely, the science of knowing 
man and the philosophy of their own characters. 

That lamentable period is past when it was necessary 
for a young man to go out into the world and spend 
fruitlessly the best years of his life — the building time 
— to learn human nature ; and after years of painful 
experience was no wiser of the desirable information 
than when he left his paternal roof. Why? Because 
he had no scientific basis upon which to found his 
observations. The young lady, perhaps, more unfor- 
tunate than her brother, was left to the fate of destiny. 
The teachings of a loving mother were based on her 
own ignorance of the wants and nature of her daugh- 
ter. Luck was the pilot that directed her frail craft 
along the voyage on the sea of life. In accepting a 
husband — for she could not choose — it was a lottery to 
win or lose, to ''bliss or blister." But now the tide in 
the affairs of her life is changed. The flattering 
tongue of the villainous monster may plead in vain ; 
the oily dross of style and fashion will have no currency; 
money, upon which character has been based so long 
can no longer be the standard of manhood. Nature 
has given you a true and reliable guide to direct cupid's 
dart from your heart ; to found your love; to establish 
your associations in pure friendship. If you but study 
and listen to her laws, written so plain and readable, 
you can make no serious mistake. Make the face and 
head your criterion and 3^ou will never be deceived. 

To write of the practical uses for such knowledge 



CRAINS and FOR^tS. 25 

would consume a volume for each profession and 
vocation; tiiere is no life l)ut what would be im- 
proved and benefitted by this science. Imaoine 3^our- 
self wearing the mantel of a lawyer, a doctor, a 
teacher, a merchant, what an acquisition of learning 
to be able to know at a glance upon the face, the true 
character of your client, patient, pupil, patrons, custo- 
mers. How it would facilitate business to know whom 
to trust and distrust, how to cater to their likes and 
dislikes, by knowing their weaknesses and excellencies 
Is there any accompHshment that surpasses this ? 

When this science becomes popular, when the ability 
to read character is as common as the power to analyze 
a flower, to tell the composition of a rock, to point the 
position of the planets, what effect will its universality 
have upon humanity? Each individual will know that 
their faults are read, their weaknesses are exposed, 
their secret sins no longer can bevelled; if they are 
self-respecting they will immediately resort to the 
proper means, which God has given them, to edify, 
purify, ennoble and educate themselves, that they may 
present a better face for the world to behold. The petty 
vices and little crimes — contempt, scorn, jealousy, 
envy, avarice, sensuality, pride, etc., — that so disfigure 
the countenance of man, and causes so much displeas- 
ure and annoyance in the social world, would soon 
clear up and pass away. Public opinion, that great 
preserver of purity and virtue and preventer of crime, 
would make life exceedingly unpleasant to those who 
would not reform. 

If this philosophy of the mind is true, the world 
should know it ; no human hand should place any 
impediment in the wa}" of its rapid extension. If not 



26 FACioLoaf. 

true, the sooner mankind is informed of it the better, 
for many are living under its deceptive teachings. He 
who can disprove its principles can make himself an 
immortal benefactor to the race. No truth is clearer 
to reason ; no science is better established ; although 
gray haired histor}^ scorns to mention it; its doctrines 
may be at enmity with the philosophy of ancient sages; 
the doors of the great seats of learning may be closed 
against its admittance, yet it is the truth, a science 
founded on the immutable laws of nature, written on 
the tablet of- creation by God, and will be as eternal 
as the heavens. 



SCIENCE OE PHYSIOGNOAW. 



BIBLICAL TESTIMONY. 

" The countenance of the wise showeth wisdom, but the eyes of 
the fool are in the ends of the earth." 

"A naughty person — a wicked man — walketh with a froward 
mouth. lie winketh with his eyes; he speaketh with his feet; he 
teacheth with his fingers." 

" Where there is a high look, there is a proud heart. A wicked 
man hardeneth his face. There is a generation, oh, how lofty are 
their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up." 

"The heart of man changeth his countenance, whether for good 
or evil; and a merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance." — Ecde- 
siasticus. 

EMEKSON. 

"Neither Aristotle, nor Leibnitz, nor Junius, nor Champollion, 
has set down the grammar rules of this science, older than the Sans- 
crit; but yet they who cannot read English can read this. Men take 
each other's measure when they meet for the first time, and every 
time they meet. How do they get this rapid knowledge, even before 
they speak, of each other's power and disposition? One would say 
that the persuasion of their speech is not what they say — or, that 
men do not convince by their argument, but their personality." 

" Lavater advises us to observe the speaker's face quite as atten- 
tively as his words, if we get at the gist of the man and his matter." 

MONTAIGNE. 

" You will make a choice between persons who are unknown to 
you — you will prefer one from another; and this not on account of 
beauty of form. Some faces are agreeable, others unpleasant. 
There is an art of knowing the look of good-natured, weak-minded, 
wicked, melancholic, and other persons." 

ADDISON. 

' ' Every passion gives a particular cast to the countenance, and is 

27 



^8 l^AClOLOGr. . 

apt to discorer itself in some feature or other. I have seen an eye 
curse for half an hour together, and an eyebrow call a man a scoun- 
drel." 

LAVATER. 

" What knowledge is there that man is capable, that is not founded 
on the exterior — the relation that exists between the visible and invis- 
ible, the perceptible and imperceptible." 

" Physiognomy," continues Lavater " whether understood in its 
most extensive or confined signification, is the origin of all human 
decisions, efforts, actions, expectations, fears and hopes; of all 
pleasing and iinpleasing sensations that are occasioned by external 
objects. From the cradle to the tomb, in all conditions and ages, 
throughout all nations, from Adam to the last existing man, from the 
worm we tread upon to the most sublime of philosophers, Physiog- 
nomy is the origin of all we do and suffer. What judge, wise or 
unwise, does not sometimes decide of criminals by their appearance? 
What king would choose a minister without examining his exterior? 
An cflacer will not enlist a soldier without thus surveying his appear- 
ance, putting his height out of the question. What master or mis- 
tress will select a servant without considering his exterior?" 

Physiognomy is a term derived from two Greek 
words, signifying '*to know nature." More strictly 
speaking, it is the art and science of studying natural 
objects, whether animate or inanimate, by their shape, 
form and configuration. As applied to man it may be 
defined as a knowledge of the relationship of the 
psychic principle and the corporeal nature ; the art or 
science of judging the characteristics of the mind 
through the body. Physiognomy in its most popular 
acceptation is the revelation of character in the face ; 
but in this practical treatise I desire to extend and 
grasp the " whole man," to comprehend man all in all 
— the language of the face, the chart of the head, the 
laws of temperaments, to include phrenology, physi- 
ology, psychology and physiognomy. 

Physiognomy is no chimera, black art, patent nostrum 
or fanciful humbug, to impose on public credence, or to 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 29 

pollute public thought ; but a science founded on a 
pedestal of truth, evidencing the relationship between 
form and function, spirit and matter, mind and body — 
though imperfect and incomplete it possesses ull the 
elements of a philosophy, all the possibilities of a perfect 
science — it challenges the thinkers, the scholars, the 
lawyers, the doctors, the ministers, the business man 
to investigation, to examine its credentials, cross- 
examine its witnesses, impeach its testimony, give it a 
fair trial before a competent and impartial jury, that it 
may secure an honest verdict. It is significant of a 
little, narrow, bigoted mind that will denounce, ridicule, 
condemn a new thought or theory without first properly 
respecting its merits. There exists a prevailing pro- 
pensity in mankind to speak profanely of a subject 
before they are acquainted with its nature. 

Physiognomy is the code to study all nature, but its 
most exalted field of utility is the investigation of man 
himself ; therefore the subject is worth}^ of man's best 
thought and highest energy ; it deserves more than a 
casual look and a passing glance ; it must be treated 
\Yith the high respect due its inherent dignity. Physiog- 
nomy is no modern science, but ancient as man, the 
art of character reading antedates memory itself ; the 
philosophers of every age and clime made it an important 
study, but like all other sciences, its progress has been 
slow and fluctuating ; it had to crowd itself into public 
recognition, it had to overpower the force of established 
thought and inherited prejudice. As far back as the 
fourth century, B. C, Aristotle attempted to place 
the subject on a systematic basis before the ancient 
world. Galen, Cicero, Seneca, Pliny, Quintilian and 
many other classical writers wrote upon this theme and 



30 FACIOLOGY. 

testified to its scientific truth. But for its advancement 
we are especially indebted to J. Baptista Porta, who 
presented some new light on the subject, by some 
valuable investigations of comparative resemblances of 
the faces of animals and man ; and to Lavater, perhaps 
more than any other vrriter, ancient or modern, who 
published his "^physiognomical fragments," which were 
extensively read, made the subject popular, but his 
works are of but little scientific value, as they were 
unmethodical and incomplete. 

Bacon classes physiognomy among the sciences, and 
he remarks in one of his works " that it is founded on 
observation and ought to be cultivated as a branch of 
natural philosophy." 

All things natural are scientific ; all of God's creations 
are governed by a system of laws ; by these natural laws 
all things are begun and consummated. There is no 
clearer truth in the realm of human knowledge than 
the science of physiognomy. Science itself is but the 
embodiment of truth. Phj^siological expression is the 
great prolific source of all information. Physiognomy is 
the grammar to the character of all things and beings. 
From the potent and faithful language of the exterior, 
we glean all our knowledge of the interior. All the 
things in the world have their peculiar physiognomies ; 
the rocks of the earth, the plants of the glen, the 
myriad leaves of the forests, the fishes of the sea, the 
birds of the air, the animals of the lair ; all objects in 
nature possess their own individual form and shape, so 
too, every man has his own unique body. Every spirit 
born into mortal existence is given an appropriate 
garb, a suitable vehicle, made to order and constructed 
and planned by the spirit itself, adapted for its own 
private use. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 31 

Cause and effect, ways and means, adaptation and 
harmony, seed and fruit, exist throughout all nature, 
therefore through external and internal man, between 
mind and body, character and form. 'No operation 
takes place in the mind without a corresponding mani- 
festation in its tool, the body, j^o change takes place 
in the conformation of the constitution without a 
corresponding change in the body's essence, the mind. 
The varieties of bodies represent the varieties of 
minds. 

The scientific principle upon which physiognomy is 
based is one grand law, that the differences in external 
form are the result and measure of the differences of 
internal character. The difference in body is the dif- 
ference in character ; configuration corresponds with 
function. Each form, novice, undulation, swelling, 
wrinkle, feature of the body represents some trait of 
the soul ; over each physical function presides a mental 
power. 

The character of all things and beings of every 
department of the natural world, whether mineral, 
vegetable, animal or man, is indicated, known, classified, 
studied and judged by their shape, size, color, tempera- 
ment, in a word by their ph3'siognomy. Kature has 
labeled all her works for man's benefit, and obliges each 
to carry their character in full view. All of God's 
creations bear the impress of their nature upon their 
face. Examples of this proposition are too numerous 
and too common to cite many ; v/e judge the landscape 
by its features ; we prophesy the weather by the com 
plexion of the sky ; we determine the qualities and 
kind of wood by the bark ; we note whether anything 
is inviting or loathsome by its appearance ; the animal 



32 FACIOLOGY. 

is considered gentle or savage, tame or wild, intelligent 
or dumb, well bred or coarse, by his expression ; the 
ripeness and palatability of fruit is adjudged by its 
.color. This is nature's universal law. Man is no 
exception. "We naturally estimate a person's character, 
old or young, good or bad, bright or dumb, moral or 
immoral, well or ill, miserly or benevolent, ignorant or 
intellectual, beautiful or ugly, by their external super- 
fices. This assertion is axiomatic and needs no demon- 
stration or illustration, to establish its truth, the fact 
has testified in the knowledge and experience of all. 
There is nothing more difficult than to demonstrate a 
self-evident truth. 

" Human character does evermore publish itself," says Emerson. 
"It ^ill not be concealed. It hates darkness — it rushes into light. 
The most fugitive deed and word, the mere air of doing a thing, the 
intimated purpose, expresses character. If you sit you show charac- 
ter; if you act you show character; if you sleep you show it." 

Nature has given man the inalienable right to know 
every other man, stranger, acquaintance, friend or love. 
Each individual must wear his native flag; shovv his 
mental colors; exhibit his true character, to all who 
care to observe. Nature is unbending and inflexible. 
Nature is always true to herself, she never deceives us; 
the external is faithful to the internal. How fre- 
quently it is said that " appearances often deceive us, " 
this is a false idea, sometimes this seems to be true, but 
it is our powers of observation that are deceitful. If we 
but scruntinize again, with informed eyes, we will dis- 
cover that appearances are true to the character of the 
object we look at. Counterfit, is impossible, artificial 
dross is im. potent, no paint can disguise the native hue 
to all who read character by God's own infallible 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 33 

cipher. How perfectly nature has revealed the key to 
unlock the character of man is shown in this great 
science of physiognomy. 

" Dreadful limits are set in nature to the powers of dissimulation. 
Truth tyrannizes over the unwilling members of the body. Faces 
never lie, it is said. No man need be deceived who will study the 
changes of expression. When a man speaks the truth and the spirit 
of truth, his eye is as clear as the heavens. When he has base ends 
and speaks falsely, the eye is muddy and sometimes asquint." 

Emerson, (Essay on Spiritual Laws, 141.) 

" If you would not be known to do anything, never do it. A 
man may play a fool in the drifts of a desert, but every grain of 
sand shall seem to see. He may be a solitary eater, but he cannot 
keep his foolish counsel. A broken complexion, a swinish look, 
ungenerous acts and the want of knowledge, all blab. Can a cook, 
achiflBnch, an lachimo be mistaken for Seno or Paul? Confucius 
exclaimed : "How can a man be concealed! How can a man be con- 
cealed!" 

Emerson, (Essay on Spiritual Laws, 143.) 

The hypocrits, dissimulators, and falsifiers are skill- 
ful in their art ; they study to deceive, and frequently 
accomplish their purposes. But does not the methods 
they devise only tend to prove the truth of the science? 
The confidence man appreciates the fact that in order 
to pass for a certain type, to represent a certain char- 
acter, he must assume as near as possible the mantel, 
the expression and make-up of the subject he desires to 
impersonate in order to be successful in his calling. 
But he who reads character by the configuration of the 
head, the size, temperament and quality of the body, 
the complexion, size, height, length and color of the 
features of the countenance, can never be deceived. E"o 
maniac can wear the expression of a sane man ; the fat 
man cannot appear lean, vice versa; no surgery 
will develop a small head into a large one; a wise 
man cannot look foolish ; there is no process to enlarge 



84: FACIOLOGT. 

the forehead but the evolution of the intellect. What will 
change the height of the head but brain development. 
" For which of you by taking thought can add one 
inch unto his stature." What process is there that will 
change the color of the eye? What cosmetic will 
change the quality of the hair ? There is no art that 
will give beauty and expression to the mouth but right 
living ; there is no science that can change the forma- 
tion of the chin, and make a weak chin a strong one ; 
a wise man cannot look ignorant ; a sick man cannot 
look well ; a pugilist never has the expression of a 
divine; the drayman never bears the countenance of a 
poet. A laugh unless the offspring of an internal 
emotion is unnatural. "Always" says Emerson '^as 
much virtue as there is, so much appears ; as much 
goodness as there is, so much reverence it commands." 

The actor, declaimor or elocutionist, to be successful 
in his art, must for the time being assume in reality, 
the character he desires to depict, or he fails in the 
act ; this is the reason why acting becomes a violent 
strain on both the mentality and bodily functions. One 
could not assume the noble character of Brutus and 
play the villianous part of an lago ; one could not don 
the garb and air of a philanthropist to play the charac- 
ter of Shylock. Assumed facial expressions and bodily 
movements like affectations in speech and unnatural 
tones of voices are readily noticed, the false from the 
natural. Miserly persons cannot look benevolent; 
none have lovely faces that have not lovely souls look- 
ing through them ; the good cannot look bad until 
they become bad ; the criminal cannot look good until 
they reform their minds. 

"Though the wicked man constrain his countenance, the wise 
can distinctly discern his purpose." — Prov. XXI, 29, 



BKAIXS AXD FOEMS. 35 

Physiognomy is the shorthand of the mind, every 
mental operation has its own individual language, as 
discovered in pantomime, and evidenced in facial 
expression, and bodily movements and gestures. Every 
sentiment, passion and propensity, every mental faculty 
discloses its own unmistakable tongue in the various 
movements and attitudes of the head and body. The 
physiognomy is a grand spectacular theater, where each 
function of the mentality plays a prominent part. 
'^The mind' in motion shines through the body like 
the moon through the ghosts of Ossian," magnifying 
and materializing its manifold characteristics, exhibiting 
with equal clearness and legibility, its beauties and 
deformities, the good and bad,strong and weak faculties 
and functions. 

A knowledge of human nature is as old as the race ; 
all men of all abilities, at all times and in all chmes, 
were apprised to a greater or less degree, with this 
divine gift ; therefore, we conclude, that this universal 
ability and desire must be the result of a special 
mental facult}^ the organ of this powder has been 
established and located in the brain by phrenologists 
and called intuition or human nature. Physiognomy 
is a natural science, not acquired, but intuitional ; not 
artificial, but native ; an inborn mental trait. It is 
primitive in the human mind. It is inherent in man's 
constitution. As every reasonable person is a musician in 
a greater or less degree, intuitively, without instruction; 
as every intelligent person is a mathematician in some 
perfection, naturally, without studying arithmetic ; as 
every person can reason, judge colors, imitate, love, 
combat, be friendly, eat, drink, etc., intuitively, like- 
wise every individual is a physiognomist, a reader of 



36 FACIOLOGY. 

cbaracter by nature, by intuition, by a special mental 
talent. I do not mean- to infer by this that every per- 
son is a Lavater or a Shakespeare in the art of delineat- 
ing character, any more than because every intelligent 
person reasons that they are a Socrates or a Galileo, or 
because every person is a musician that they play like 
Hayden or Mozart. But every person, however igno- 
rant, has some knowledge of this science of man. This 
power varies in different individuals as other faculties 
of the mind. The sweet little speechless babe in 
the mother's arms, is a physiognomist, she smiles ap- 
proval, and the child is encouraged, she frowns disap- 
proval, and the child obeys. The most primitive sav- 
age found it necessary to gaze upon the countenance of 
a brother savage to discern the threatening love, 
passion, desire, motive or sorrow. The animal learns 
from the expression of his masters countenance and 
gestures, whether he is pleased, angry, kind or good. 
How common it is for lovers to despair, to grieve, to 
resent, to scorn, and even die over a look or a glance 
of the eye, a gesture or expression of the mouth. "What 
is love at first sight, but a proof of the silent language 
of physiognomy." The physician in diagnosing the 
affliction of his patient examines closely the appearance, 
complexion and expression; these silent, but infallible 
symtoms, go farther in locating the disease, than the 
feeble words of the patient. The farmer with anxious 
eye looks on his growing crops, and from their color, 
size and form judges their advancement and foretells 
their production. The equestrian and stock bu3^er 
judges the breed, blood, stock, power, strength and 
endurance of the animal in question by its physiognomy 
and purchases on the evidence. We estimate, analyze 



BRAINS AND BORMS. 6 ^ 

and classify fruits, cereals, woods, solely by their 
appearance and tell their ripeness, maturity, condition 
and quality. In fact it is through physiognomy that 
we are guided in all things; the botanist, zoologist, and 
geologist knows that which belongs to his respective 
department by external signs, and by like means the 
physiognomist studies man. 

Through the power of expression we receive sym- 
pathy, our sufferings are mitigated, our pleasures en- 
hanced, our passions aroused, our friendships are made, 
our loves are won. Psychological expressions gives em- 
phasis and energy to words, and more faithfully reveal 
the intentions and thoughts than the real words which 
are so often falsifiers and makes the common pro- 
verb: "that actions speak louder than words" a truism. 
When we meet a friend or love it is the pleasant illumi- 
nating face, the generous smile, the pleasing saluta- 
tions, we desire to see. It is the hostess with a mouth 
wreathed with the emblems of hospitality that gives the 
best welcome. 

There is no science taken in a comprehensive sense, 
so vitall}^ necessary, so fruitful of instruction, so fas- 
cinatingly interesting, as the study of the mind through 
the body. Suppose for a moment we rob the mind of all 
knowledge of physiognomy, what a catastrophe, what 
a damper to learning, what a check to human progress. 
It would steal from life all its romance and beauty; life 
would not be worth the living. It is necessary as lan- 
guage. Physiognomy distinguishes the good from the 
bad; that which is permanent from that which is habit- 
ual; that which is artificial from that which is natural. 

Man without exception, judges all things by their 
physiognomy. "When one comes in contact with a 



S8 MOroLoGf. 

stranger, we immediately, iii the classical vernacular of 
the slang, size him up, that is we unconsciously scruti- 
nize the individual and at once, form a decision as to 
his character, whether intellectual, ignorant, proud, af- 
fable, healthy, as to beauty, purity, race, etc. How 
our actions, motives, loves, passions are swerved, and 
guided by these unaccountable decisions. Then is it 
not of the highest importance to know the science of 
judging correctly. 

What a grievous offense to misjudge an acquaintance; 
what an injustice to them; what an injury to ourselves. 
Mistakes in reading character are perhaps the worst 
of mistakes, since they contribute to the unhappiness 
of two persons, the observed and the observer. 



PHRENOLOGY. 



FU^rDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES. 

Phrenology is a term derived from two Greek words 
phren, mind, and logos, discourse or treatise, signifying 
the discourse of the mind. This science consists of 
certain cause and effect, relations existing between cer- 
tain configurations of the skull and their corresponding 
mental manifestations, thereby disclosing the abilities, 
natural talents and proclivities, from the shapes, sizes 
and other organic conditions of the head. 

Phrenology is science based upon certain definite 
fundamental doctrines which are as comprehensive and 
clear as are the laws of natural philosophy, the science 
of astronomy. Each principle is established and veri- 
fied by an array of un controverted facts, and supported 
by unquestionable evidences and experiences of more 
than one hundred years. 

The natural fundamental principles of phrenology 
are : 

1. The brain is the organ of the mind ; that every 
trait of character, every flight of the imagination, 
every talent, every propensity, every sentiment mani- 
fests itself through this instrument of the mind — the 
brain. 

2. That the mind is composed of a plurality of 
faculties ; and that every mind consists of the same 
number of faculties, but in different degrees, hence the 
infinite variety of human character. 

39 



40 FACIOLOGY. 

3. That each mental faculty has its separate and 
individual organ in the brain, its own instrument to 
operate with, as all other functionaries of the body. 
As the eyes have their organs of vision, the ears their 
instruments for hearing, etc. So, too, reason, love, 
ideality, music, worship, benevolence, friendship, etc., 
are distinct faculties and have their separate tools to 
use. 

4. That all the faculties that are related to each in 
function, whose duties tend to a common end, are con- 
gregated together in groups, hence the head is divided 
into sections. 

5. That size is the measure of power, other things 
being equal. 

6. For absolute test of power we must study the 
temperaments and physiological conditions of the 
body. 

7. That every faculty of the mind can be enlarged 
and improved by cultivation and right use, and may 
deteriorated through neglect and non-use, as all the 
muscles and organs of the body. 

8. That every faculty though normally good is lia- 
ble to perversion and excess in action. 

9. That each faculty of the mind is represented in 
the brain by two organs; located in the same position 
on each side, or hemisphere of the head. Just as we 
have two eyes, two ears, two arms, two lungs, etc., we 
also have two faculties of reason, benevolence, faith, 
hope, love, etc., in the brain. This is one of the wisest 
and most beneficent provisions of nature, for in case of 
accident or disease of one organ, the other performs 
the duties of both. 



CRANIOLOGY. 



BRAINS AND SKULLS, AND HOW TO STUDY THEM. 

" I pay more attention to the form and arching of the skull, as 
far as I am acquainted, than any of my predecessors. * * * I have 
considered this most firm and least changeable, and far best defined 
part of the human body, as the foundation of physiognomy." 

Lavater. 

The skull is the throne room of the soul ; the brain 
is the organ or servant of the mind ; the brain is the 
seat of sensation, emotion, thought and intelligence. 
That the brain is the function of the mind is no longer 
controverted and it is universally admitted by all great 
physiologists. The conformation of the cranium indi- 
cates the developments and shape of the brain, as the 
skin conforms to the shapes and sizes of the muscles 
and bones, shows their capacity and protects their deli- 
cate nerves and fibres, so too it is the office and 
pi'imary function of the skull to protect the most im- 
portant organ of the bod}^, the brain. It adheres as 
perfectly to its contour as the skin to the apple, the 
peel to the orange, the bark to the tree. So we can 
accurately judge the size and capacity of the brain 
from the shape and size of the skull. 

Phrenology promulgates the doctrine, and proves 
beyond a reasonable doubt and cites thousands of illus- 
trations, that the mind is made up of a plurality of 
faculties, each having its own individual organ in the 
brain, and each faculty having its own duties to per- 

41 



42 FACIOLOGY. 

form. The brain is composed of a congeries of organs — 
as many functions as there are powers in the mind. 

Phrenology further reveals the marvelous fact that 
the mind is divided into sections or divisions; the 
intellectual faculties located in the forehead ; the moral 
sentiments in the top or coronal region of the head ; 
the selfish propensities located in the side above 
and back of the ears ; the aspiring or governing facul- 
ties in the crown of the head back of the moral senti- 
ments; the social proclivities in the lower back head. 
The divisions of the brain are represented in cut (1). 

In each of these sections of the brain are clustered 
together groups of organs or families of faculties ; that 
is all the organs of the brain that are related in function, 
that manifest like duties, that have common tenden- 
cies are congregated together in a group. To illustrate : 
all the social organs are situated in the lower back head. 
They are composed of Amativeness, the love of the 
opposite sex; Conjugality, the mating instinct; Adhes- 
iveness, the love of friends and society ; Philoprogen- 
itiveness, the love of offspring ; Inhabitiveness, the love 
of home and country. This section embraces all the 
social proclivities of the mind, which make up man's 
social nature, are associated together, and those whose 
duties are nearest related to each other, are the nearest 
neighbors. In a similar manner all the different sec- 
tions of the brain have their different members so grouped 
together. 

The appropriateness and ingenuity exhibited by 
God in grouping and locating the functions of the 
brain, with reference to their relative importance, is 
one of the most convincing proofs of Phrenolog}'. 
The same skill is manifested throughout the entire 
man. 




liKAlNS AND FORMS. 4$ 

In examining the head to diagnose character, we 
must note this fact, that the character is proned or 
inclined in the direction of 
the predominating section 
or division of the brain. If 
the head predominates in 
the top head or coronal re- 
gion, that is, high and broad 
in the location of the moral 
sentiments, we discover an 
individual that is benevo- 
lent, religious, noble and 
humane. If a person is ,^ . , ^ ^w^'^' ^u 

^ Mental faculties as they are 

broader throu^-h the basilar divided int^ groups or divisions. 
portions of the brain than the other sections, the divi- 
sion of the selfish propensities, we ivuow at once that 
person is selfish, avaricious, energetic, economical and 
worldly minded. So too if a brain is predominating in 
the crown of the head, the location of the aspiring 
faculties, we see one who loves to manage, loves 
authority, to govern and rule; one that is ambitious. 
If an individual's head is largest in the lower back head, 
the section of the social organs, we have the evidences 
of sociability, such person's tastes and talents are of a 
domestic nature. When the forehead is predominating 
over the other divisions of the brain, we behold a person 
that is essential!}^ intellectual ; such a one loves mental 
pursuits and occupations. The forehead will be dis- 
cussed more extensivelj^ in another chapter. 

The most superficial observer must have taken 
cognizance of the variety of shaped heads. If we could 
examine the heads of all the inhabitants of the earth 
we would find no two alike in contour. How easy it is 



u 



FACiOtOGt. 



to detect a mistake in putting on another's hat, although 
the same size in circumference ; how different in shape, 
how awkward it feels 
to any head but the 
wearer^s. 

The size and capa- 
city of the brain is 
not determined, as is 
commonly supposed, 
by the bumps and 
novices on the cran- 
ium "Bumpology"has 
no place in the cate- 
gory of the sciences. 
The term had a slan- 
derous origin, used to 
throw a ridiculous 
light on the noble 




Fig. 2. 
Medulla Oblongata, 



where the fibres 
C. Cerebellum. 



science. Expert char- start, b. spinaicord 
acter readers pay but little attention to the hills 
and bumps upon the skull. Some of the finest 
brains are surrounded by craniums almost as smooth as 
billiard balls. Upon what law then could the mere 
head feeler rest his decisions? The novices of the head, 
however, have some significance; they indicate an 
eccentric brain, a mind that is stronger and more active 
in some faculties than others,for if all the functions 
were equally strong the skull would be even. The 
faculties outlined by the hill or elevation on the head 
Avill be found to be more active and larger than their 
neighbors. 

The true and positive rule to measure the organs of 
the brain is to determine the distance from the center 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



45 



of the ear, which represents the axis of the brain, the 
medulla oblongata, the place where the fibers of the 
brain start to the surface over the faculties desired to 
be measured. This process of measurement is illus- 
trated by Figures 2 and 3. 

Thus, a person who measures more above and in front 
of the ears has much talent 
but little force ; in another^ 
where the distance to the 
moral sentiments is longest 
we see one generous, digni- 
fied but with little energy and 
worldly tact; in another, the 
distance is short to the fore- 
head where the intellect is 
located, but well developed 
above and back of the ears, 
we behold one that is cruel, 
combative, selfish and des- 
tructive, without reason or 
mercy. Karely we meet a 

head, where the sections of the brain seem to be 
balanced, where no division predominates over the 
others. Such a person will exhibit mental manifesta- 
tions equally even and harmonious in every direction. 
This is undoubtedly the best development ; such persons 
have sufficient force and energy, ambition and sociabil- 
ity, moral sentiment and intellect to make the happiest, 
the most congenial, the most contented of people ; they 
are never eccentric or peculiar ; they are as strong and 
good in one sphere of activity as another. Where the 
head is longest the mental characteristics will be 
strongest in that section 




Fig. 



This cut represents the relative 
sizes of the heads of an idiot, crim- 
inal and poet, illustrating the 
g roper method of measuring the 
rain. 

harmoniously developed 



46 



FACIOLOGY. 



A knowledge of this sectional development of the 
brain is highly necessary to determine the inclinations 
of the mind, and the general characteristics of an 
individual. To learn the capacity of special faculties 
and talents of the mind, it would necessarily require a 
detailed investigation and description of every faculty 
which will be found under another head. 

Another fundamental principle of human nature is 
** that the size of the head determines the mental power, 
other things being equal." But understand this im- 
portant qualification, for the absolute test the tempera- 
ment, quality and physiological conditions must be 
taken into consideration. To illustrate, suppose there 
are two persons with equal sized heads, one has coarse 
skin and hair, rough, unpolished and unrefined organ- 
ization, a poor temperament; while the other has a 
refined constitution, an active temperament, a quick, 
responsive quality, fine hair and active skin, the latter 
will manifest the'greatest mental power; will have the 
richest and most active mind. So a good temperament 
and good physiological conditions are about as essential 
to determine mental power as size. 

There are eminent men, men whom the world desires 
to call genius, brainy, smart, intellectual, that have 
only average size brains, but they will be found to 
possess a physical constitution adapted to make the 
most of the brain they do possess. There are others 
who have large heads and yet manifest no superior 
ability in any direction, except obtuseness. Such per- 
sons will be found to have a low physical make-up, a 
coarse, rough quality, a poor, sluggish, lymphatic tem- 
perament. The greatest men have always had the 
largest brains and finest organisations, Simpletons, 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 47 

weak-minds and idiots, unless caused by disease, have 
small brains and poor physical attributes. 

Mark well this fact, the size of the head is the test 
of mental power, other things being equal; it has been 
so from the genesis of the race, it will be so as long as 
the w^orld lasts. Th^e enlightened head will be master 
of the unenlightened head. A man with a large head 
unenlightened will be superior to a small head unen- 
lightened and must govern. It is a survival of the 
fittest. 

The size of the brain, other things being equal, is 
the great scientific condition upon which mental 
strength and capacity is determined. When we 
©bserve the infinite variety of shaped heads, some 
long and narrow, broad and flat, high and round, and 
reflect a moment, we will at once see that the volume 
of brain cannot be estimated by simply measuring the 
circumference of its base with a tape, or judge the 
quantity from the size of the hat. Reformers, philan- 
thropists, moralists, usually have high, broad, top 
heads ; the coronal region of the brain, where the 
moral sentiments are located, is always large, while 
the base of the brain, where the propensities are 
organized, will be small in comparison. A pugilist, a 
criminal, a purety worldly-minded individual, frequently 
wears large-sized hats, but the quantity predominates 
in the selfish faculties, while the top head is low and 
deficient. The minister may measure less around the 
base and yet possess the greater mass of brain. The 
shape of the brain is a more potent factor in delineat- 
ing character than size. Sometimes a head will be 
very elongated in the rear, and short in length to the 
intellect; while the brain of another will be longest 



48 FACIOLOGY. 

from the axis to the forehead. The first will be 
strong socially, but very moderate in learning and 
brilliancy ; the second will be more powerful in the 
intellectual faculties, but deficient in the social pro- 
clivities. The circumference of the head might be 
the same, and wear the same size hats, yet how dif- 
ferent will be the character of the two persons. 

Good business men usually have large perception, 
better observers than thinkers, they are more brilliant 
than profound, have more tact than talent ; they 
possess plenty of energy, combativeness, and most 
always have large social natures. The brain will be 
large around at the base. A poet, author, scientist, 
may not have so large a head in circumference, but 
the reasoning organs, the semi-intellectual faculties, 
will be full and large. The forehead of the business 
man will be retreating, while the brow of the poet 
will be more perpendicular, and the skull will be 
broader at the top. The brain of the latter will be 
the larger. But both may have good heads for their 
respective callings. As the brain is developed the 
manifestations of the mind will be accordingly. 

Experience has taught us not to look for fair talents 
in the head of an adult that will measure around the 
base less than 20 inches. Moderate talents will be 
found from 20f to 21^ ; average abilities, 21 J to 22 ; ^ 
good developments, 22 to 22f ; large brain, 22^ to 23J; 
a very .large head, 23f to 25. Female heads can be 
estimated one-half to three-fourths below these aver- 
ages. The average male brain weighs more than that 
of the female ; the male brain of Europeans is estimated 
to average about 49.5 oz.; female, 44 oz.; The brains of 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



49 



idiots vary from 8 oz. to 27 oz.. The brains of insane 
people usually weigh less than those of sane persons, 
(many exceptions.) 

The weights of brains of several distinguished men : 

Cuvier 6i.5 oz. Abercrombie 63 oz. 

Daniel Webster 63.5 " Lord Campbell 53.5" 

Agassiz 53.4 " De Morgan 52.7" 

Spurzheim 55 " Benjamin Butler. .57 " 

Some of the great men whose heads were examined, 
have here appended their measurements : 



Names. 



Wm. Corbett, M. P 

Henry Clay 

John Quincy Adams 

Daniel Webster 

Thomas H. Bentoa 

Robert Burns 

Napoleon 

Lord Wellington 

Henry W. Grady 

Chief Justice Gibson, of Pennsylvania. 
Lord Eldon 



& .'- 


oi . 


SriS 


SrlS 


oSo . 


C^$4 


Size fr 
Ear to 
OVER Per 


to^t 


Size 

Ear t 

over 

NE 


1314 


15 


1314 


14% 


13 


15 


13^4 


15 


13J^ 


15 


131^ 


15 


1414 


* 


13M 


* 




15>^ 


13 


uu 



2314 
2314 
221/3 

25 
S3 
231^ 



24 
241/, 
23 V4 



HATS AND HEADS. 



Size Hat. 


HeadJnches 


Size Hat. 


HeadJnches 


6 


19 

20^ 

21V^ 
21% 


7^8 


22Mi 
23 


6^ 

6^ 


0%:. :::::: ::::■:;■ 


ny^ 


SJ::::::::::::::::: ::: 


7% 24"* 

7?£ 24U 




^ 


7% 


25 


ft 


k^. :. 


25M 









50 



FACIOLOGY. 




FiQ. 4. 
Model Head. Mental Faculties as they are located on the skuil. 



A\ENTAL TACULTIES BRIEFLY 

Described. 



THE SOCIAL PROCLIVITIES. 

This group of faculties are located in the lower back 
head and when large give fullness in this region. 

Amativeness — The lover; the Creator; connubial 
love ; the attachment of the sexes ; sexual admiration, 
courtesy and harmony ; adapated for the continuance 
of the race. Excess or perverted : Licentiousness ; 
prostitution ; sensuality. Deficiency ; no desire to 
marry; indifference towards the opposite sex; lack 
affection. 

Constancy — Fidelity ; conjugality ; a desire of union 
for life ; a disposition to live with the person loved 
forever. Excess : Great difficulty in transferring your 
love from one of the 
opposite sex to an- 
other. Deficiency : 
capriciousness in love ; 
lack conjugal affection. 

Parental Love — 
The nurse ; Philopro- 
genitiveness ; attach- 



Large. 



Small. 




Fig. 5. 

Victoria:— Large so- 
cial, moral and intel- 
the love of ^ectual hpad. Affec- 
tiic luve ui tionate wife and de- 



ment to one's off- 



children, pets, the ^°^^^ °i^ther. 



Fig. 6. 

Johnson :— Social 
procliYities, very 
small. Fine intel- 
lectual powers. 



young 



and helpless. • It is the faculty that 



61 



52 FACIOLOGY. 

cuddles and babies. Excess : Causes parents to spoil 
children by too much indulgence and excessive caress- 
ing. Deficiency : Makes careless and neglectful of the 
young. ^ 

Friendship — The confider ; sociability ; love of friends 
and associations. Excess : Extremely fond of society, 
when perverted leads to bad companionship, and 
unworthy attachments. Deficiency : No lover of 
social ties ; neglect of friendly associations ; the hermit 
disposition. 

Inhabitiveness. — The patriot ; the love of home and 
country ; fondness for the place where living, patriotism, 
etc. Excess : Homesickness when away from home ; 
prejudice against foreign places. Deficiency: Causes 
the roving disposition ; a disregard for home and 
associations of the homestead. 

Continuity — The one-thing-at-a-time faculty; the 
ability to concentrate the mind on a subject until it is 
completed ; it gives unity and connectedness to mental 
operations. Excess: Prolixity; excessive amplifica- 
tion. Deficiency : Excessive fondness for variety ; in- 
ability to apply one's energies and forces to one par- 
ticular thing until it is finished ; seldom complete any- 
thing ; always have several irons in the fire at once. 

aspiring group. 

These faculties are located in the crown of the head, 
and when large give elevation upward and backward 
from the ears. 

Approbativeness — The aristocrat. Pride of charac- 
ter, love of publicity and popular applause, praise, dis- 
play, fame, esteem, fashion, social position, etc. Excess : 
vanity, self-praise, extreme sensitiveness to comment. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



53 



Deficiency: causes one to care little for public opinion, 
disregard for fashion, society, or personal display. 
Self-esteem — The leader. Dignity, manliness, self- 



Small. 



Large. 




elevating and command- 
ing instinct, love of author- 
ity. Excess: causes an ar- 
rogant, domineering spirit, 
iraperiousness, too author- 
itative. Deficiency: Poor 
appreciation of one's own 
abilities ; lack dignity and 
self-reliance. 

Firmness — Decision, sta- 
bility, steadfastness, tenac- 
ity of purpose, capacity to endure, reluctant to yield. 
Excess : Stubborness, obstinacy, self-willed. Deficiency : 
Causes one to be fickle-minded, instability of character, 
no mind of his own. 



Fig. 7. 
Governing fac- 
ulties weak; lack 
self-reliance, dig- 
nity and self- 
esteem. 



Fig. 8. 
Aspiring organs 
large; dignity, au- 
thority, self- 
esteem very large. 



SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 

These organs are located in the side-head, a little 
above and around the ears. When large they give 
great breadth to the head in the basilar region. 

Destructiveness — The murderer. The faculty gives 
executiveness, thoroughness and severity, the love of 
exterminating, tearing down, destroyinc; that which 
impedes or obstructs; the cat-right-through faculty. 
Excess: Causes one to be malicious, levengeful. retali- 
ating; cruel, murderous disposition. Deficiency: Causes 
tameness, inefficiency, want of resolution and executive 
ability. 

CoMBATiYENESS — The defender; gives force of char- 
acter, courage, snap, self-defence, love of competition. 



54 



i^AClOLOGt. 



Small. 




Fig. 9. 
Pugilist :— Propen- 
sities large; moral 
nature, small. 



Fig. 10. 
Moralist ;— Ve r y 
large moral senti- 
ments; selfishness, 
deficient. 



resistance; makes one energetic. Excess: Makes one 
contentious, pugilistic, fiery, quick tempered. Defi- 
Large. cicncj : Makcs cow- 

ards, lack courage and 
pluck, never contend 
or argue, inability to 
defend one's self, 
would not be efl&cient 
in any calling. 

YiTATivENESs — The 
doctor; love and ten- 
acity of life; ability 
to resist disease, lon- 
gevity, toughness of constitution. Excess : Fear of 
death, extreme clinging to life. Deficiency : Causes 
one to give up too easily ; inability to fight disease ; 
lack love of life. 

Appetite — The eater. Desire for food ; love and en- 
joyment of food and drink. Excess : Causes intemper- 
ance, gluttony, drunkenness. Deficiency: Poor appe- 
tite ; indifference to food and drink. 

Acquisitiveness — The banker. Economy, thrift, the 
love of wealth ; a disposition to save and accumulate. 
Excess : Makes one miserly and avaricious ; thieving 
and selfish. Deficiency: Prodigality, spendthrift, 
inabilty to appreciate the value and usefulness of money 
Secretiveness- — The concealer. Causes one to use 
policy; tact, self-restraint, cunning. Excess: Makes 
the liar, hypocrite, double-dealing, concealer. Defic- 
iency : Lack tact, policy ; too frank, too out- spoken ; no 
self-restraint. 

Cautiousness — The sentinel. Circumspection ; look- 
ing before leaping ; carefulness, watchfulness ; appre- 



fiRAlNS AND FORMS. 



55 



hension of danger ; prejudice, fear. Excess : Procras- 
tination, cowardliness, timidit3^ Deficiency : Careless- 
ness, imprudeiice, heedless, reckless, too hast3\ 

MORAL SENTIMENTS. 

This group occupies the coronal region of the head, 
and when large gives height and fullness to the top 
head. See figure 10. 

Conscientiousness — The judge; the justice- bar of the 
soul; an intuitive appreciation of right and wrong; 
moral sentiment ; integrity; scrupulousness in matters 
of duty and obligation. This faculty proves one to be 
true to his convictions. Excess: self-condemnation; 

Large. Small. 




Fig. 11. 
Benovelence and moral nature 
very weak. Cruel, vicious de- 
structive and murderous. 



Fig. 12. 
Intellectual, moral, benev- 
olent. . Selfishness deficient. 
Mental temperament. 



an undue censure of others ; remorse ; censoriousness. 
Deficiency : no penitence for crime or compunction for 
sin ; a self-justification for all things, whether right or 



Hope — The anticipator ; the faculty that sees a silver 
lining in every cloud ; expectation of future success; 



56" . FACIOLOGY. 

happiness; confidence of immortality. Excess: build- 
ing castles in the air ; extravagant expectations. Defi- 
ciency : despondency ; melancholy ; gloom. 

SpiEiTtiALiTY — The clairvoyant; an intuitive belief 
and appreciation of spiritual existence; a prophetic 
guidance ; a second sight. Excess : belief in appari- 
tions and ghosts; superstitious. Deficiency: makes 
skeptics ; incredulity ; inability to believe in spiritual 
existence ; lack faith. 

Veneration — The preacher ; devotion ; the worship- 
ing faculty ; love of prayer ; reverence for religion and 
things old and sacred ; respect for old age and great 
men. Excess : idolatry ; worship of images and idols ; 
undue distinction of persons. Deficiency : disregard 
for matters sacred and religious ; lack religious tenden- 
cies and powers to worship. 

Benevolence — The philanthropist. The faculty 
that proves one to be kind, humane, benevolent, char- 
itable and sympathetic. Excess : too easily pained and 
touched by the afiiictions of others ; morbidly gener- 
ous ; give to the undeserving. Deficiency : extreme 
selfishness ; indifference to the sufferings of others ; un- 
kind, unsympathetic, uncharitable. 

semi-intellectfal, oe perfective faculties. 

They are located in the region of the temples, giving 
breadth and fullness to that part of the head. 

Constructiveness — The inventor; mechanical inge- 
nuity, the ability to invent, the tool-using faculty, 
power to construct. Excess : attempting impossibili- 
ties; impractical contrivances. Deficiency: inability 
to comprehend the mechanism of machinery; lack the 
skill to use tools ; no mechanical skill or aptitude. 

Ideality — The Artist; this is the aBsthetic faculty that 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



6T 



loves the beautiful and perfect in nature and art. It 

is the poetic faculty ; it causes the idealist; it gives re- 
Large. 



Small. 




Fig. 13. 
Japanese Woman. Per- 
fecting and intellectual pow- 
ers small. She possesses poor 
taste and but little refine- 
ment. 



^V 



FiC 14. 
Elizabeth Canning. Large 
intellectual and perfecting 
faculties. A face full of in- 
telligence and culture. Men- 
tal temperament. 



finement, finish and polish to all that it does. Excess : 
causes fastidiousness ; a dislike for the common things 
of life ; makes romance. Deficiency : such are unable 
to appreciate the beauties of the works of God or man; 
they perceive no excellence in poetry, art, sculpture or 
scenery ; beauty has no value to them ; it causes rough- 
ness, vulgarity, poor taste. 

Sublimity — The lover of the stupendous in nature 
or art ; the ability to appreciate the grand and sublime, 
the wild and romantic;such works as mountain scenery, 
the vastnessof the ocean, the Niagara Falls excite this 
function. Excess: extravagant representations; ex- 
aggerated statements. Deficiency : manifest an indif- 
ference to the mighty elements of creation, inability to 
appreciate the grandeur of a great thunder storm, the 
lightning chain, the roaring artillery, etc. 

Imitation — The Actor ; elocutionist ; this is the 



5B 



FACIOLOGY. 



copying ability ; it gives the sculptor power to imi- 
tate his model ; the actor to impersonate ; the artist to 
pattern ; it aids one in society by copying manners, 
habits and customs. Excess : mimicry, servile imita- 
tion. Deficiency : inability to copy, imitate or con- 
form to manners and customs of society. 

MiRTHFULNESs. — The Comedian; the fun making 
faculty; wit, humor, the ability to joke, and 
enjoy a laugh. It aids reason by pointing out the 
ridiculous, absurd and incongruous. Excess : improp- 
erly making fun of sacred things or the infirmities of 
others; too funny. Deficiency: excessive sedateness, 
too much gravity and seriousness,inability to make fun, 
to crack a pun or a joke, no love for comedy. 



REASONING FACULTIES. 

They are located in the upper region of the forehead, 
when large give fullness and squareness to that section. 
Casualitt — The Thinker; the ability to reason ; to 
think abstractly ; to comprehend principles ; to under- 
stand the why and wherefore of subjects ; to deduce 

conclusions from 
cause to effect. Ex- 
cess : too theoretical, 
too much thinking 
over impractical phil- 
osophy. Deficiency : 
poor reason, no or- 
iginality, no ability 
to plan, think or phil- 
osophize ; weak judg- 




FlG. 15. 

Reflectives large; 

perceptives small; 

more theoretical 

than practical. 

ment. See fio-ure 12 



Fig. 16. 
Perceptives large; 
better observer than 
thinker; brilliant but 
not profound. 



Comparison — The Critic; the analyzing faculty; power 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 5^ 

to criticise, to illustrate, to contrast and compare; 
power to use metaphors, parables and proverbs; 
reasons analogously. Excess : captious criticism. 
Deficiency : inability to reason by analogy, poor critic, 
no power to deduce conclusions from comparisons. 

Human jSTature— The Physiognomist; ability to read 
character by intuition ; a natural ability to discern and 
judge men by their looks and actions. Excess : induces 
intense personal prejudice; derogatory criticism of 
character. Deficiency : all people look alike ; an indis- 
criminating regard for everybody. 

Urbanity — Mr. Suavity; agreeableness ; the ability 
to speak efi'ectively and winningly ; a persuasive man- 
ner ; makes disagreeable things sound agreeable ; 
power to make the rough appear smooth. Excess: 
affectation ; blarney. Deficiency : disagreeable in 
manner. 

literary faculties. 

They are located across the middle section of the 
forehead and when large give fullness in that locality. 

Eventuality — The historian, the ability to remem- 
ber stories, anecdotes and experiences. The record- 
keeper of the mind. Excess : tedious relations of 
stories and anecdotes. Deficiency : a poor historical 
memory ; poor relator of stories and experiences ; 
inability to remember events. 

Time — The mental watch. A consciousness of the 
duration of time ; tells the time of day ; gives memory 
of dates ; aids the musician to keep time. Excess •. 
undue particularity as to matters of time. Deficiency: 
inability to keep time ; poor memory of dates. 

Tune — The musician. Th'fe memory and apprecia- 
tion of tunes and sounds ; ability to learn music by 



60 FACtOtOGit. 

ear. Excess : a disposition to play or sing, without 
regard to place or time. Deficiency : inability to learn 
music; unable to distinguish or appreciate different 
tunes. 

Expression — The orator. This faculty is developed 
by the lobe of the brain, immediately behind the eye, 
when large, makes the eye prominent or forming a 
sack under it. It gives fluency in the use of words. 
Quick ability to learn languages. Excess: verbose; 
more words than thoughts ; garrulity. Deficiency : 
deficient in the powers of expression. Poor memory 
of words. 

PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 

These organs are located at the lower section of the 
forehead, and when large gives length from the opening 
of the ears to the brows. (Figure 16.) 

Individuality — The observer. A desire to see things 
and to recognize points of thought ; power to individ- 
ualize. It gathers knowledge for the other faculties to 
examine and classify. Excess: an impertinent eager- 
ness to see; a prying curiosity and too inquisitive. 
Deficiency : poor observer. Attention must be directly 
drawn before it sees and particularizes. 

Weight — The balancer. It enables man to keep his 
equilibrium ; it adapts him to the laws of gravitation ; 
makes one a good shot, horseback rider, bicyclist, rope- 
walker; it enables one to judge the weight of anything 
by lifting it. Excess : a desire to mount high places, 
perform difficult feats of balancing, hazardous as rope- 
walking, etc. Deficiency : ungraceful walker and 
dancer; poor balancer; inability to judge the perpen- 
dicular of anything. 

Form — The carver. When large makes the eyes 



BRAINS AND FORMS. ^ 61 

appear far apart. Ability to remember faces and coun- 
tenances, shapes and figures. People who draw from 
eve have this sign large. Excess : aggravated at the 
appearance of lack of harmony in forms, figures and 
faces. Deficiency : inability to remember faces, fig- 
ures and countenances; cannot draw with skill or 
accuracy. 

Size — Ability to judge and estimate things and dis- 
tances by their measurement. Excess : a constant com^ 
parison of sizes of things and persons. Deficiency ; 
inability to estimate distance or judge quantity by 
size. 

Color — The painter. The ability to discriminate 
hues and tints and remember colors. "Women have it 
larger than men, therefore are more fond of colored 
attire. Excess : fastidiousness as to colors. Defic- 
iency : inability to distinguish colors, color blindness. 

Order — The House-wife. Methodical, systematic, 
regular, neat, tidy. Excess : waste time in constant 
arrangement, undue neatness. Deficiency: slovenli- 
ness, irregular, unmethodical, untidy. 

Calculation — The mathematician. An appreciation 
of numbers ; ability to learn arithmetic. Excess : a 
desire to calculate and reckon everything. Deficiency: 
no memory of numbers. Inability to learn arithmetic. 

Locality — The traveler. A disposition to travel and 
explore ; ability to remember places and localities ; 
a good geographical memory. Excess : a constant 
desire to travel, a roving disposition. Deficiency: 
poor geographical ability, easily lost in strange 
localities. 



HUMAN rORMS. 



THE LAWS OF TEMPERAMENTS. 

From the soul the body form dotli take, 
For soul is form and doth the body make." 
'"' — Edmund Spencer. 

The study of the laws of temperaments is the most 
interesting, most practical and most valuable branch 
in the curriculum of human science. In contemplat- 
ing mankind we at once take cognizance of the fact 
that there are no two individuals constructed in the 
same proportion. There is an infinite variety of human 
shapes, while the constituent elements in every human 
being are the same. Each have the same number of 
bones, the same number of vital organs, the same num- 
ber of physical functions and mental faculties, but in 
different degree of development. Some are tall, lean, 
short, fat ; some have large bones, others small , some 
are coarse and strong, others fine and delicate ; some 
arei active and energetic, others sluggish and inactive. 
The variety of dispositions and physical organizations 
are caused by a predominance of some vital organ, or 
system of organs, and the element predominating is 
called the temperament. 

Many years of experience and observation have 
taught us to associate certain mental traits of character 
and dispositions to certain or corresponding physical 
combinations. Mental science teaches and proves that 
the mind moulds and shapes the body, therefore by a 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 63 

study of the different ph3'^sical conditions we can 
determine the mental conditions which certain physi- 
cal states confer and represent. ' In brief, the constitu- 
tion of the body determines the constitution of the 
mind. Every internal change, condition or operation 
of the mentality has a corresponding external expres- 
sion on the physiognomy. 

With a refined mind we find a refined and polished 
body. A coarse body is the consequence of a coarse, 
untutored mmd. To make this idea practical let us 
illustrate by supposing a man who, in performing his 
occupations of life has never to any extent brought 
into activity his spiritual nature, the mind has 
remained dormant, as the Indian, barbarian, and fre- 
quently the inhabitants of rural districts, many even 
in our cities and towns. Cowboys are good examples 
of this type. We discover on examination of their 
physical attributes that the hair is bristly and coarse ; 
we observe how rough and unrefined is the skin ; wit^ 
ness the hands, feet, limbs, features of the face how 
well and truly do they represent the life he has lived. 
The fibres and texture of his muscles are harsh and 
coarse. The whole make-up is profane, unpolished 
and jagged like a piece of rough marble. 

Compare and contrast this uncouth, uncultured in- 
dividual with a man whose vocation in life has been of a 
thoughtful, stud ious temperate nature as the lawyer, doc- 
tor, editor, literary man, business man, etc., whose mind 
is trained, cultivated and tutored; whose life has brought 
into activity the functions of the brain, as well as the 
body; what a different picture we have presented. In 
this organization we -note how fine and magnetic is the 
hair; how clear and active is the skin; observe too, how 



64 FACIOLOGY. 

brilliant and luminous are the eyes; see how expressive 
is the mouth; behold how intelligent is the countenance. 
Reason itself would not permit us to look for wisdom, 
learning, brilliancy, eloquence or refinment in the 
former, or ignorance, profanity and vulgarity in the 
latter. Their physiognomies tell the truthful tale of 
their lives, and writes their biographies in plain legible 
language on the exterior. The body being the ma- 
chine of the mind must exhibit its peculiar character. 

The philosophers of ancient Greece ascribe the di- 
versity of disposition to the texture of the frame, not 
to the features, nor to the proportions, or the shape of 
the skull, but rather to the mixture of the elements of 
the body, and more to the fluids than to the solids. 
Hippocrates treated these humors under four heads: 
sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic. People 
in those days accounted for man's temper by the 
humor he was in. Their theory haslong been exploded, 
yet it has given color to our language, and we still 
speak of a person in a peculiar humor, as they did in 
the times of Hippocrates. Horace spoke of his "liver 
swelling with bile in a fit of jealousy." Shakespeare 
describes a coward as " lily-livered " and " lacking gall 
to make oppression bitter." All physiologists recog- 
nize different temperaments in the human body, but dif- 
fer mainly in the manner of classification of the 
organs or functions that produce them, and causes the 
diiferent influences on the mind. The most popular 
classification in Paris was arranged by Dr. Thomas, i, e., 
the abdominal, thoracic and the cephalic. Andrew Jack- 
son Davis, of New York, in his work "Harmonial Phil- 
osophy" makes seven divisions i. e,, the nutritive, motive, 
muscular, mental, spiritual and Jia^rmoniaL 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 65 

There is another called the European classification 
and was introduced by Dr. Spurzheim, one of the 
founders and first expounders of phrenology viz.: Lym- 
phatic, Sanguine, Bilious and Nervous; this division is 
perhaps the most popular in England. The most prac- 
tical and most scientific classification was made by O. 
S. and L. K. Fowler in 1839, two expert phrenologists 
and of world wide experience, viz.: Vital, Mental and 
Motive, these names are based upon natural division of 
the bodily S3^stems, and the very names define the func- 
tions and characteristics of each, this may be called the 
American classification, and I believe the most practi- 
cal and scientific. 

THE VITAL. 

The vital temperament comprises the nourishing 
apparatus of the entire system, the lungs, the stomach, 
the liver, the glands, veins, arteries and the whole 
alimentary canal. It embraces all the organs within 
the trunk. The functions of this temperament is to 
provide fuel and nourishment to sustain the brain and 
body, to manufacture vitality, to oxygenate the blood, 
to create and sustain animal life. 'It fires, stimulates, 
intensifies and electrifies the body, builds up torn down 
tissues expended from mental and physical labor. 

A person with this temperament predominating is 
characterized by a deep chest, large abdomen, stocky 
form, broad and deep, short and thick, full round face, 
breadth of nose indicating great breathing capacity, 
flushed complexion, red, brown or sandy hair or whis- 
kers. They manufacture more nutrition than is neces- 
sary to carry on the operations of mind and body, 
consequently they take on flesh and become fat and 
heavy. Such persons are prone to enjoy life, pleasures, 

4 



66 FACIOLOGY. 

are gay and festive livers, good feelers, easy goers. In- 
dividuals thus constructed possess happy, placid and con- 
tented minds and faces. In spirit they are amiable, 
impulsive, candid, practical and conceited, more busi- 
ness than study, more practical than scientific. Such 
persons with this temperament predominating learn 
more from observation, experience and conversation, 
than mental drill, abstruse reasonings, long medita- 
tions. They manifest more fondness for stirring out-of- 
door life, more commercial than literary. Usually 
shrewd, plenty of tact, sociable and friendly. 

Persons in whom this is the leading temperament, and 
only a moderate degree of the mental, are lovers of 
excitement, amusement, fast driving, theatres and 
social pastimes. This physical type usually possesses 
or accompanies very large amativeness, therefore are 
very ardent lovers, large social proclivities, large selfish 
propensities, a head more broad than high in propor- 
tion, excellent powers of observation and good, practi- 
cal reasoners. For the reason of their strong vital 
system and their powerful social natures, they are more 
predisposed to dissipation, more subject to perversions 
of the passions and appetites. Sports, gamblers, har- 
lots, etc., are usually perverted examples of this combi- 
nation. 

The occupations most frequently found in are 
hotels, restaurants, butchers, grocers, saloon-keepers. 
When united with a strong mental temperament we 
find lawyers, doctors, orators, politicians, of which 
professions we have many illustrious examples. A 
healthy development of this temperament is essential 
to all literary pursuits, in fact all occupations and 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



67 



callings in life, for upon this vital system all the 
functions of brain and body depend for life and ani- 
mation. 




Fig. 17. 
Vital Temperament, excessively developed. Large percep- 
tives, executive ability, firmness and amativeness. Great capacity 
to endure mental labor. 

The vital temperament represents what was formerly 
called the Lymphatic and Sanguine temperaments by 
the old phrenologists. I am of the opinion that there 
does not exist a lymphatic influence, that can be 
properly called a temperament, but it represents more 
fittingly a diseased condition of the vital, and not a 
normal condition. It is characterized by a fullness and 



68 FACIOLOGY. 

rotundity of form and limbs, sallow, thick, leaden, 
inexpressive features ; J^hick lips, full blunt chin, light 
sparkless eyes, pale complexion, thin soft magnetic 
light hair, circulation feeble, muscles soft and plastic, 
vitality languid, a lifeless wreckless" appearance to the 
whole physiognomy. It is produced by a predomi- 
nance of the stomach. l^Tever Jook for a great mind 
with these external symptoms. They prefer resting 
to working, or even to playing, they would rather 
sleep than think; they are lazy, worthless lubbers, 
with hardly energy enough to laugh heartily ; they are 
incapable of anything severe, intense, ardent in any 
manifestation of mind or body. Such people excel in 
sleeping and eating, in feasting and fattening ; they 
are usually gluttons, but good-natured and harmless, 
slip-shod, go-easy people. If perchance, as I have 
observed, this temperament, or rather condition, is 
joined with a good brain, such never over- work or 
worry, but sleep and eat well in the greatest crisis. 
Instead of being fleshy and rosy as in health they are 
fat and pale. 

The vital temperament, is peculiarly the tempera- 
ment of woman. Women in whom this temperament 
is deficient have small narrow chests, poor necks, and 
straight and shapeless limbs and arms, almost destitute 
of the elements that give beauty to the form and 
grace to the body. 

Some of the world's celebrities with a strong vital 
temperament are : Yictoria, Bismarck, Cleveland, 
Martin Luther, Tom Keed, William McKinley, Eobert 
G. Ingersol, Ignatius Donnelly. 

THE MOTIVE. 

The Motive Temperament comprises the mechanical 




I'IG. 18. 
Charles Stratton 



Tom 



Figr. 19. 
Abraham Lincoln. Motive Temper- 



Thumb." Motive Tompera- ament large. Height about six feet, fire 
ment smaU. About three inches 
feet in height. 

GO 



70 jB'Aciology. 

apparatus of the man — the locomotive functions of the 
bod}^ It constitutes the framework or the skeleton, 
bones, muscles and tendons. It gives form, size, shape; 
it enables us to walk, move, stand and sit ; it makes us 
strong, enduring and tough. Individuals in whom this 
temperament is predominating are physically peculiar- 
ized by a muscular bony appearance, spare and lean, 
rather than plump and fat ; large bones, prominent 
joints, broad shoulders, angular face, high cheek bones, 
large nose, usually Koman or Jewish type, large jaws, 
strong teeth, homely features, hard coarse hair. 

This temperament governing produces toughness, 
endurance and perseverance, and obliges one to follow 
pursuits requiring activity and locomotion, energy and 
authority. - Such persons are distinguished for their 
force of character, executive ability, usually authorita- 
tive and domineering ; they love to boss and manage. 
The brain of such people is usually high and long, 
large perceptives, firmness and combativeness. 

All the great generals, from Julius Caesar to Grant- 
have been gifted with highly developed motive temper- 
aments. The leaders, overseers, managers in every 
calling in life, Avhere the employment demands thought 
and action, perseverance, power, toughness and endur- 
ance, will be found to possess an inordinate degree of 
this temperament, whether on the battle field, in com- 
mercial, professional or literary strife and activity, or 
on the farm. 

All historical tribes and races that have manifested 
warlike inclinations have possessed this motive element; 
cowboys, Indians, inhabitants of the rural districts have 
this temperament largely predominating; it confers 
the very qualities that enables them to successfully 
carry on that calling. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 71 

This temperament is more common to man than 
woman ; it is peculiarly the masculine temperament. 
Women in 'whom this temperament is predominating are 
well known by their manly appearance, their unusual 
pluck, energy, perseverance, endurance ; they love au- 
thorit}^ and independence ; they are ambitious for com- 
mercial occupations and enterprises of a masculine 
nature. Women that are a success as traveling agents 
will be found to possess this temperament ; such women 
love to govern their own households and manage their 
own affairs. 

Individuals with this temperament predominating 
are predisposed to a special class of diseases, as rheuma- 
tism, indigestion, imperfect circulation of the blood, 
derangements of liver, bilious tendencies, piles, gravel 
and chronic troubles. This temperament was formerly 
called the bilious temperament, as such people were 
more naturally subject to' bilious disorders. The 
diseases of the vital temperament are more acute than 
chronic, as fevers, inflammations, diseases of the heart, 
apoplexy, rush of blood to the head, etc., while in the 
motive they are more lingering than inflammatorv. 
Disease takes a powerful hold on this type of people ; 
but they possess greater toughness to endure it. Some 
of the noted personages who possess this temperament 
predominating are: Duke of Wellington, Lord Brough- 
am, Gladstone, Oliver Cromwell, Lincoln, Sherman, 
Meade, Faragut, etc. 

THE MENTAL. 

The mental temperament comprises the brain and 
nervous system — the organs of mental manifestation. 
Through this system we feel, smell, hear, taste and see. 
It produces intelligence, intellect, thought, feeling, 



1^ 



FACfOLOGY 



passions and propensities. The characteristics of the 
persons in whom this mental temperament is predomi- 
nating, are frail bodies in proportion to the size of the 
head, a forehead high and broad at the top, face oval, 
hair soft and fine, usually brown or light, muscles 
small and compact in texture, countenance mobile, 
strong, intellectual expression, a serene and thoughtful 
look, eyes blue or gray and luminous, skin clear and 
transparent, light and fragile activ^e form. 

Such persons are naturally studious, sensitive and 
refined, highly susceptible to mental impressions, love 
mental labor and pursuits, desire to think and study ; 
they are noted for their clearness, precision and activ- 
ity ; they think, love and aspire with great ardor and 
devotion; they enjoy extremely and suffer intensely. 
The mental is obviously the most important tempera- 




Fig. 20. 
A licentious and brutal flat 
head Indian man, of Cape 
Flattery, Washing'ton Terri- 
tory, America. Mental Tem- 
perament small. This face ia 
sensual, low, coarse, cruel, 
perverted type. 



Fig. 21. 
Dr. Spraker, President of Wit- 
tenberg College, at Springfield, 
Ohio. He has studied, taught, 
lectured and preached all his 
life. Mental Temperament large. 
Observe the pyriform shape of 
the face. Broad, deep forehead. 



ment that belongs to the combination of man, for with 
the brain weak, all others are worthless and valueless. 
This confers the poetic and artistic elements in man; 



BRAINS AND FORMS. tB 

it deals entirely with the mind ; it is the medium of 
the intelhgence and spiritual action ; its habits and 
tastes are purel}^ of a mental nature. This tempera- 
ment produces the geniuses, 
philosophers, scientists, poets, 
authors, etc. It causes the 
dreamer, the idealist. All the 
great lights of the world have 
this temperament well devel- 
oped. The brainy people live 
in a realm, a separate existence, 
from the rest of mankind ; they 
soar higher than earth ; every- 
thing to them is poetic ; all they 
feel and do is like flaming pas- 
sions to them. The beauties 
and blessings of this tempera- 
ment are indescribable; they 
are known only to those who 
are fortunate to possess it in a 
healthy degree. The diseases 
that persons with an excess of 
this temperament are most sub- 
ject to, are brain and nervous 
diseases, dyspepsia, consump- 
tion and spinal complaints. 
Some of the great representa-'^ 

tives of this type are: Whit- NapCeonTsfort in stature, 

tier. Holmes, Alex. H. Stephens, ^^^i^^S&i&l^l^foo^Vof^^ 
General Fremont, George J^tion. Mental- vital Tempera- 
Combe, John B. Gough, Horace Greely, President 
Benj. Harrison. 
Every person must possess some of all three of these 




74 



FACIOLOGY. 



temperaments ; each is a vital constituent in the life of 
man ; each temperament performs send executes differ- 
ent functions ; each defines its duties by the organs 

which compose it, and 
the characteristics it ' 
produces; each has in- 
clinations the other is 
incapable of; each 
temperament is good 
or bad, bitter or sweet 
in proportion as they 
are mixed and har- 
monized; each tem- 
perament is greater 
than the other ; each 
executes a special 
life's workjthe Yital 
provides the fuel and 
gets up the steam, 
the Motive gives the 
strength, power, loco- 
motion and endur- 
ance. The Mental is 
the highest tempera- 
ment of the organiza- 
tion, indispensable 
and invaluable to the 
j^iQ. 23. others, for it is this 

Mrs. Lily Langtry. Well proportioned Tern- ^^.^fpyy, fUr,f n-n^rjifAQ 
perament, with strong Vital development. b^bieiu biidb upeiaieb 

both of the others; the motive and the vital are 
but its tools, the others are subordinate and inferior to 
it ; all the functionaries of the body are but servants of 
this mental system ; when the brain is deficient the 




BRAINS AND FORMS. 76 

others are weak, the reason for this is plain, it is the 
temperament that characterizes and gives power to 
the mind. The more brain the more mind. 

THE HARMONIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 

In nearly every individual some one temperament is 
usually predominating, and it is the variety in degree 
of these combinations that causes the- variety in human 
shapes. The temperament predominating has an over- 
whelming influence on the individual's careers in occu- 
pation, health, mind and happiness. The most satis- 
factory mixture of these physical elements is a harmoni- 
ous development of all three temperaments, this is the 
best combination for highest enjoyment and efficiency; 
it makes an all-around man, it gives general genius and 
true greatness; it gives strength and harmony of 
character; it gives consistency as well as power; it 
makes one large but not too large ; strong, but not 
coarse ; plump, but not too plump ; emotional, but not 
eratic ; animative, but not excitable. Such characters 
are seldom. We find good illustrations in the figures 
of Washington, Adams, General Lee and Grant. 



PART II. 



PART II. 



" Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man: 
A mighty maze! but not without a plan," 

— Pope. 

THE HUMAN FACE 

"THE MIRROR OF THE MIND." 




12345 6 789 

1. Darwin. 2. Socrates- 3. Blaine 4. Correffio. 5. Gladstone. 

6. Andrew Jackson, 7. Dukeof "Wellingrton. 8. Robert G. IngersoU. 

9. Thomos D'Urfey. 

"The outward forms result from the degree of development of the 
fntaincd organs." 

—Sir Charles Dell. 



" A face that had a story to tell. How different faces are in this par- 
ticular! Some of them speak not. They are books in which not a line Is 
written, save perhaps a date." 

— Longfellow, 



73 FACnOLOGT. 

INITIAL. 

Phrenology and Faciology are Siamese twins in men- 
tal science, and their vital connection must not be sev- 
ered by any student who desires to be expert in the art 
of delineating character. These two branches of an- 
thropology taken together form the most complete 
system of mental philosophy yet devised by man. 
Both are founded on the physiology and functions of 
the brain. 

Phrenology, strictly speaking, marks the standard 
of man's true natural powers, native abilities, special 
talent, and his possibilities. Faciology, as it is gener- 
ally understood and practiced, expresses merely the 
present condition of the mind, the activities of the 
mental faculties, whether dormant or excessive, the 
functions chiefly exercised and ignored , and should be 
studied as an important auxiliary to phrenology. I 
submit, and I am ready to argue, that the countenance 
is more significant with meaning, that it is the complete 
mirror of the whole man, mind and body ; that each 
mental faculty and physical function has its facial pole; 
that from the features of the face we can tell the shape 
of the skull, the quality of the brain, the temperament 
of the body ; that it is the true indicator of what man 
is, has been, or can be. 

True, phrenology is better established as a science ; 
yet faciology is true, and far more practical. To use 
phrenology it is essential to have full observation of 
the head, which is so frequently impossible, as the head 
is usually covered by the hat, and in the case of woman 
the contour of the cranium is lost by a profusion of 
long and fashioned hair; but the face, a perfect picture 
of the real man, is ever ready for observation and study; 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 79 

the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, chin, cheeks, ears, hair, 
are always on'the witness stand,and the veracity of their 
testimony will never be questioned by one who under- 
stands their language. 

THE LAW OF HOMOGENEOUSNESS. 

The chief scientific principle upon which Faciology 
is established, is that grand law of homogeneousness 
or correspondence, i. e., Every part of a tiling GOTres- 
ponds with every other — mid with the whole — briefly, 
the character of the whole is in every part. Cuvier 
could determine the size of an unknown animal from a 
single bone. Professor Agassiz could from the scale 
of a fish construct the whole body. This law is 
universal. The practical botanist can tell the charac- 
ter, size and quality of a strange plant or tree by its 
branch, leaf or even its fruit. Tall trees have long 
branches and leaves, etc. The human, as well as the 
animal physiognomy is formulated upon this wise law. 
Every feature of the face and member of the body 
partakes of the nature of the entire man. Thus the hair, 
skin, hands, arms, legs will evidence the general charac- 
teristics of the mind and body. The face, the compen- 
dium of the soul, registers all its peculiar powers and 
faculties. The mind, brain and face, have a perfect 
relationship ; the character of one predicts the charac- 
ter of the other. From the alpha to the omega of the 
the world, no two faces will be found alike, because 
there never has been nor never will be, two minds 
equally developed. 



The Revelations op the Tace. 



THE PHILOSOPHY OF BEAUTY. 

** The countenance is more eloquent than the tongue." — Lavater. 
" The countenance is the portrait of the soul." — Cicero. 
"The face is the index of a feeling mind." — CrdbUe. 
"Oh, that deceit should dw;ell in such a gorgeous palace."— 

Shakespeare. 
"A sweet expression is the highest type of female loveliness." — 

Dr. J. V. G. Smith. 
"A. face without a heart." — Shakespeare. 

"Alas, how few of nature's faces are to gladden us by their 
hQdMij ."—-Dickens. 

"God has given you one face, ana you make yourselves another." 

Shakespeare. 
" Some women's faces are, in their brightness, a prophecy; and 
some, in their sadness, a history." — Dickens. 

"A February face, so full of frost, of storm and cloudiness."— 

Shakespeare. 
" Features are the great soul's apparent sesit."— Bryant. 
" The tongue is more easily controlled than the features of the 
face ; and though the heart be secret, the face is transparent," — 

Helen Hunt. 

What a noble and intellectual pleasure is the study 
of the " Human Face Divine." How wonderful, how 
marvelous, when we hesitate to consider out of all the 
millions of inhabitants on the face of the earth, there 
are no two faces alike ; each is unique, each is peculiar. 
How impossible it would seem, at first blush, to think 
of a space not a foot square, to change into all these 

w 



BRAINS AND lOEMS. 81 

millions of countenances, each distinguishable from all 
the others, and each bearing the resemblance of a 
human being. 

The prettiest picture in all the world is an expressive 
face. The face is the photograph of the mind. Every 
person discloses their image in the countenance. Every 
life is a fairy-tale written in eloquent language on the 
face. What a man is or has been is evidenced in this 
small confinement. In these fair embellishments, the 
hills and valleys, the forests and glens of facial beauty, 
we trace every mental condition, anger, pain, love, 
despair, hope and despondency. The face records 
man's whole biography, it relates the varied story of 
life's experiences. The face indicates the active quali- 
ties of the mind, its present condition, it exhibits both 
the pleasant and unpleasant thoughts and emotions, 
success, failure, happiness, subordination, humiliation, 
purity, sensuality, wisdom, ignorance, these are all 
alike impartially manifested in the countenance. Each 
with its separate and unique accent make their appear- 
ance in picturesque scenes of facial expression. 

Who would be so absurd as to doubt that the mind 
manifests itself in the face. See how the eyes snap in 
anger ; how the lips pout in contempt ; in joy how 
the face wreathes with smiles ; how grave the face in 
sorrow ; how calm and soothing the melting eye of 
love ; how gladness illuminates it ; how sadness 
draws it ; how hatred hardens it ; how love 
softens it; how sympathy expands it; how frivolity 
fades it ; how meanness deforms it, and evidences too 
numerous to mention. In view of these and hundreds 
of illustrations our conclusions must be, that the mind 
and face are interrelated ; that every mental operation 



82 FACIOLOGT. 

is signaled in the countenance ; that the face is the 
kaleidoscope of the mind. 

There is perfect duality between the face and the 
mind, every faculty of the mind has its facial pole, its 
physiognomical sign in the countenance ; all perhaps 
have not been discovered as yet, but that they are there, 
I truly believe. The development of the mind is shown 
by the development of the face ; an idiotic mind, an 
idiotic expression ; a baby mind, a childish face ; a 
feeble mind, a weak face, etc. When the moral senti- 
ments are the predominating faculties of the mind, we 
have the spiritual and benevolent look ; when the sel- 
fish propensities are the ruling powers of the soul, we 
have an avaricious, selfish, worldly f ace ; when the 
social proclivities are the largest and most active, we 
have the affectionate and friendly countenance 
to behold ; when the intellect is the strongest division 
of the mind we have associated with it a wise, intelli- 
gent face ; a harmonious mind, a well proportioned 
face. 

The weakness and strength of all the faculties of the 
mind are accurately reflected m the face. A deficiency 
of any power of the mind will cause a corresponding 
weakness or vacancy in the face ; an excessive develop- 
ment of one function will be represented by a relative 
feature in the face equally abnormally developed. A 
healthy and natural action of all the faculties of the 
mind and all the physical functions are necessary for 
the highest type of beauty, as a harmonious and 
healthy action of all the functions of the body are 
essential for complete health and happiness. A 
perversion of any mental faculty is manifested in the 
face. Love is one of the greatest beautifiers of the 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



83 



soul, it spreads over the countenancejaffection, amia- 
bility, attractiveness, persuasiveness; it sweetens the 
voice, makes the eyes lustrous ; and makes kissable 
the lips. Although a person may be intellectual and 
religious, the brain that is deficient in amativeness has 
always a weakness in the face, a vacancy causing a 
cold friggid, chilh% unaffectionate expression. Without 
love no face can be truly beautiful. Love, the greatest 
of decorators, is, when perverted, the greatest destroyer 
of beauty. It gives the face a sensual, low, animal 
appearance ; it makes red the lid?, and blurs and dims 
the eyes ; it changes the loving expression of the 
mouth, to something vulgar ; it clouds the complexion 
and mars the beauty of the whole countenance. 
Observe the faces of libertines, prostitutes, pimps, to 
see how perverted love kills beauty. 

Criminal. Preacher. 





Fig. 25. 
Louis W. Jackson, who murdered 
a man in Illinois for -f'jOO, He pos- 
sesses a low, coarse mental and 
phs'sical make-up. 



Fig. 26. 
A Great Divine. A natural nreach- 
er, a reformer and moralist. What 
a noble countenance. How large 
the intellect; how high the moral 
sentiments. 



There is nothing superfluous in man's nature ; every 
function of his anatomy, every faculty of his mind is 



84 



FACIOLOGY. 



necessary to his enjo^^ment and perfection in mind and 
body. Man is naturally selfish, and these propensities 
are as essential to his welfare as his moral sentiments 
or his intellect; but their functions are not so lofty and 
noble as the moral and intellectual powers, lower in 
their nature, animal and worldly in their objects. Man in 
order to exist must attack, defend, destroy, secrete, ac- 
quire, etc., but these selfish elements must never pre- 
dominate, they must be subdued, they must be governed 
by the higher powers of the mind ; God indicated by 
their position in the basement of the brain, the relative 
importance of their functions. A face without a 
due development of the selfish nature is weak, lacks 
energy, force, courage, perseverance, combativeness ; 

Conscientious. Dishonest. 





Fig. 28, Fig. 29. 

Good boy: Broad, intelligent brow; Bad boy; Observe how narrow 

all the higher departments are large. find flat his forehead, and how large 

the propensities are. How truly 
his face indicates the low, mean, ig- 
norant nature. 

they are deficient in aggressive and executive abihty. 
In this gold-mad country of ours, where the dollar is 
the greatest God beneath the sun, where wealth is 
character, where the highest ambition is to hoard the 
shining gelt, we will not wonder that this selfish nature 
in the American brain is largely predominating ; that it 



liKAlNS AND FORMS. 



85 



is the ruUno^ passion. Yet how lamentable is the 
truth; how observable in the faces of the purely 
worldly minded. Look at the face of the Jew, how 
supremely self sits on that countenance (exceptions, 
but as a class); how subordinated are the higher 
natures. 

Contrast the face of the philanthropist with the miser; 
the gentleman with the criminal ; the glutton with the 
abstemious; the inebriate with the temperate ; the mor- 
alist with the sensualist ; the minister with the pugilist, 
the lady with the prostitute, and you will detect and 
distinguish the noble from the low, the intelligent from 
the ignorant, the moral from the immoral, the gentle 
from the cruel, the honest from the liar, passion's slave 
from passion's ruler. It does not require an expert's eye 
to decipher these differences ; but they are so noticeable 
that the most inexperienced reader 
of character can mark them. How 
perverted destructiveness gives a 
cruel, savage aspect to the face, as 
in the Indian, murderer, barbar- 
ians. How perverted secretiveness 
shows itself in the squint of the 
eye, the foxy look and stealthy 
walk. How perverted combative- 
ness makes the look of the fighter, 
the pugilist, the town bully. Ap- 
petite uncontrolled gives the face 
an animal appearance, gross fat 
jaws, blotted, shapeless inflamed 
cheeks, large protruding lips. How perverted intellect 
causes the face to be " sickled o'er with the pale cast of 
thought." " How many have I seen in my time," 



A Selfish Face. 




Fig. 27. 
Observe the breadth of 
head between the ears. Sel- 
fish nature predominates. 
See how the face corres- 
ponds. 



86 J'ACIOLOGY. 

sa^^s Montaigne, " totally brutiiied by an immoderate 
thirst after knowledge/' Thus we could go through 
the alphabet of faculties and find the abnormal action 
of every power manifesting its condition in a legible 
lauguage in the face. 

A face to be the highest standard of beauty must 
be the picture of a mind developed in every depart- 
ment morally, intellectually, socially and selfishly. 
The mere silent prestige of features alone will not make 
a face handsome, any more than man can be eloquent 
by the aid of speech alone. Snakes have pretty skins, 
but we shudder at their sight. I have seen faces most 
excellent in outline, beautifully chiseled features, flow- 
ery complexion, but, like pieces of statuary, they were 
expressionless, soulless. Who would consider a corpse 
beautiful, however exquisite was the contour of the face. 
Physical beauty cannot be over-estimated, but it is the 
mind that gives value to the countenance, it illuminates, 
brightens it, animates it, electrifies it, gives it a mental 
dross. The life of beauty consists in expression. 
Physical beauty attracts, mental charms ; personal 
beauty will please the eye, but it is the intellect that 
wins the heart. Common beauty is youthfulness and 
health, but true beauty is gracefulness and sweetness of 
expression. Mental beauty is eternal, physical beauty 
is divorced with wrinkles and age. 

E"o language can fitly estimate the true worth of a 
handsome face ; letters of credit are valueless in its 
comparison ; riches have no such currency ; dignity has 
no such station ; rank, titles and social positions must 
give way to a noble expression, a beautiful face. All 
men instinctively admire a handsome form and face. 
People congregate to the most popular churches, 



BKAINS AND FORMS. SY 

theatres, streets, wherever people gather, to feast upon 
human beauty. Probably no gift has been so universe]y 
desiredby all mankind as thatof personal beauty. Wealth 
and po^Yer have not been as hungered for. All human 
beings, the rich and the poor, high and low, civilized 
and savage, have longed for and craved a handsome 
physiognom}^ The criterion of beauty varies with the 
centuries and races, the standard that was eagerly 
sought in one generation is found ungainly in another; 
the style of features adored by the Chinese would 
appear ridiculous to an American ; what would be 
esteemed loveliness by the savages would be crude and 
outlandish to civilized eyes. Man as well as woman is 
afflicted with this common aspiration of humanity. 

Oh, beauty, what a powerful weapon thou art! The 
bravest men are made cowards in its presence; the 
strongest fall smitten by its mighty power ; all other 
ambitions are cast aside to pay homage to their shrine 
of beauty. Can we wonder that every conceivable 
device, contrivance and expedients are resorted to for 
the purpose of prolonging its joyous spell ? Is it any 
wonder that complexion specialists, quacks, impostors 
who advertise ^* a thin form made plump," " a plain 
face made beautiful," " freckles removed in three days," 
find dupes to make them rich ? Every one naturally 
loves the beautiful, there is something hypnotizing in 
beauty that electrifies and awakens the innermost 
recesses of the soul. 

The saying, " beauty is only skin deep," is but a skin 
deep saying. A beautiful face is a silent commenda- 
tion. It speaks of health, virtue, purity, morality and 
intelhgence ; while a homely, vacant, ugly, distorted 
face indicates something negative, denotes a deformed, 



88 FACrOLOGY. 

eccentric mind, and disproportionate soul and body. 
The face is the thermometer of both the mind and 
body. Any disproportionment of the physical func- 
tions is clearly indexed in the face ; all the conditions 
of our vital constitution in health and disease are sig- 
naled on the countenance. A well proportioned face 
signifies that all the temperaments are harmoniously 
blended] together. A face with the physiognomical 
signs well balanced denotes a well balanced mind. 
Woman, who possesses more beauty, symmetry and 
harmony in form than man, also possesses more perfec- 
tion in character. "Woman is not so strong and power- 
ful as man, but possesses a more refined organization, 
a higher quality, and more susceptible minds. They 
are man's equal, mentally and physically. What they 
lack in size they make up in quality. The more beau- 
tiful the form, the more harmonious the character. Irreg- 
ular features indicate an ill balanced mind. If the 
features are strong in a particular member, you will 
find traits of character strong in a given direction. 
Extremes in features, extremes in mind. Yery fre- 
quently we find with a homely face a benevolent heart, 
with distorted features, a talented mind ; with uneven 
features, a sweet disposition ; but always in such people 
the mind will be unevenly developed in some direction. 
As the face is so is the mind. A strong face denotes a 
strong mind ; a weak face, a feeble mind ; a bright 
face, a bright mind ; a dumb face, an obtuse mind ; a 
sensual face, a sensual mind ; a criminal face, a criminal 
mind, etc. 

The mind is the great sculptor of the face. He who 
thinks, reads, studies and meditates will carve the 
stamp of intelligence on his brow ; the soul that is full 



BRAOS AND FORMS. 



89 




of benevolence, love, charity and affection fashions the 
face in its own angelic likeness. A thoughtless mind 

An Honest Face. tak^es all the 

beauty from a 
shapely face; a 
sensual appetite 
deforms the 
handsomest feat- 
ures ; a cold, mis- 
erly, selfish soul 
shrivels and mars 
the best counte- 
nance. 

Fig. 30. xt i • 

Lincoln: Before and after he became presi- iiabltual COn- 
dent. How care and responsibility tell on the , . . 
faces of those thus burdened. You who saw pres- dltions of the 
ident Cleveland before he was president, can 

observe a wonderful change in his countenance mind Stamp anal- 
ogous expressions upon the face, and frequently changes 
the original stamp of nature. One who has lived a life of 
pleasure, health and happiness will show it by a health- 
ful, joj^ous appearance on the face ; one who has lived 
burdened with cares and responsibilities, will manifest 
it in the lines of the features; one who has dissipated, 
been a slave to appetite and passion, will disclose it in 
the eye, mouth and countenance ; one who has allowed 
anger to reign supreme in his mind, will show it by the 
scowls of the brow, a belligerent look; one who has 
spent a life of good deeds and charitable actions will 
bear a kind, benevolent look; a life passed in ignorance 
will be known by a dull, stupid expression. 

"A man passes for what he is worth. What he is 
engraves itself on his face, on his form, on his fortunes 
in letters of light which all men may read but himself. 
Concealment' avails him nothing; boasting, nothing. 



90 tAClOLOG-r. 

There is confession in the glances of our eyes, in otir 
smiles, in salutations, and the grasp of hands. His sin 
bedaubs him, mars all his good impressions. Men 
know not why they do not trust him, but they do not 
trust him. His vice glasses his eye, demeans his cheek, 
pinches the nose, sets the mark of the beast on the 
back of the head and writes, "0 fool! fool! on the 
forehead of a king." — Emerson (essay Spiritual Laws 
143.) 

The most moral are the most beautiful. It is true 
some of the most beautiful are immoral, but it is not 
because they are handsome that they are wicked, but 
the fact that they are good looking shows, that they 
are naturally moral. Like the lovely rose, as soon as 
you pluck it from its nourishing stem, it begins to fade 
and decay, so too, as soon as you sever a beautiful face 
from virtue, temperance and true love, it begins to 
loose its bloom and beauty. Yirtue beautifies ; intellect 
illuminates ; ignorance mars ; vice deforms. The most 
moral and intellectual have the most attractive faces. 
Observe the faces of our greatest artists and poets, and 
we can trace in the lines and curves of their counte- 
nances and discover the rich artistic minds within. 
Behold the handsome faces of Raphael, Rubens and 
Vandyke. Study the faces of Burns, Byron, Milton, 
Lowell, Longfellow, Scott, Shelley. Look at the faces 
of the intellectual lights of all history, the scientists, 
philosophers, judges, poets, authors, they have possessed 
the finest faces. Genius lights the countenance, gives it 
an enamel finish, an air of learning, a peculiar individual- 
ity, a unique expression, which become only those who 
have traveled over the mountains in the atmosphere of 
thought and culture. 



BKAINS AKD FORMS. 



91 



Lavater sa3^s " Who views the antique gems must see 
enlarged intelligence in Cicero, enterprising resolution 
in Caesar, profound thought in Solon, iuvincible forti- 
tude in Brutus, in Plato God-like wisdom, or in modern 
medals the height of human sagacity ; in Montesquen, 
in Walker the energetic, contemplative look and most 
refined taste; the deep reasoner in Locke,, and the 
witty satirist in Yoltaire." 

The Ideal Head. 




Fig. 31. 
The Man of Galilee. The embodiment of human 
perfection. Nothing excessive, nothing deficient. 

'* A man's looks" says Montaigne" is a feeble war- 
ranty, and yet is something considerable too. " Mon- 
taigne relates that on one occasion he was taken pris- 
oner by a marauding party, and liberated by their 
captain because of his countenance. He says men of 
good looks and handsome persons are, other things 



92 



FACIOLOGT. 




being equal, the natural leaders of men ; and Aristotle 
says '* the right to command belongs to them." Bacon 
in his essay "Of Beauty " writes " that Augustus Caesar, 
Titus Yespasian, Ed- 
ward the Fourth, Alcibi- 
ades, Ishmael of Persia, 
were all high and great 
spirits; and the most 
beautiful men of their 
times." Sophocles and 
Pericles are as famous 
for their physical beau- 
ty as for their intellec- 
tual gifts. 

Behold the great 
ISTazarene, by Eaphael, 
what a. beautiful picture 
of love; whether real 
or imaginary, it is a 
perfect likeness of the 
great and sublime character of Jesus. l^o selfishness 
reigns on that countenance ; no mean traits are visible, 
the expression is gentle but there is no weakness ; in 
the head the moral sentiments predominate over the 
propensities. I believe this is a good portrait of Christ. 
Luke was a painter and other apostles, and undoubtedly 
they had a desire to preserve the likeness of their 
Master. 

"What a study is the face of Plato, thought, pene- 
tration, culture and harmony so richly displayed. Plato 
was a great thinker as well as an athlete, and his 
speech was of such sweetness it is traditionally said, that 
a bee settled upon his lips while in bis cradle. What 



Fig. 32. 
Harmonious Org-anization. A practical 
intellect, sound judg-ement, strong firm- 
ness, indomitable erierg-y, large benevo- 
lence, his leading traits. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



93 



matchless beauty do we find in the face of Goethe, 
" The Shakespeare of Germany," what marvelous 
powers are here combined ; observe the bust of that 




Fig. 33. 
Gen. Phil. Sheridan. A face powerful in per- 
ception, force and strength. 

" intellectual spendthrift " Shakespeare. What a com- 
plete man! A mental prodig3\ Who can fail to 
recognize in the face of Newton that broad, deep, 
philosophical mind ? Who can behold the magnanimous 
countenance of Washington, and not see congregated 
benevolence, wisdom and bravery ? Who can view the 
head of Adams and doubt his marvelous intellectual 
powers ; who can look upon the massive brow of 
Webster and fail to discern ^that intellectual giant ? 
Who ever beheld the grand countenance of James G. 
Blaine and did not see reflected the greatest statesman 



94 



FAOIOLOGT. 



of his time ? Does not the face of General Phil. Sheri- 
dan place him Chef d' oeuvre of fighting Generals of 
modern times ; what keen perception ; what penetrating 
eyes; what decision, determination, combativeness is 
shown in this face. These are but few renowned 
A Great Writer. examples from the gallery 

of immortals, whose faces 
are silent witnesses of the 
^ 3at minds within. Who 
\ >uld look for a Hamil- 
l Ji, an Adams, a Webster, 
I Blaine, a Longfellow in 
1 face like this (figure 35). 
L ason and sense revolt 
i^ such a thought ; who 
would be so devoid of 
judgment to thmk a great 
spiritual nature could dwell 
behind such a face. Imag- 
Caesar with so little 
resolution; IsTapoleon with so little firmness; a Socrates 
with a forehead like that. This is a face without 
a mind, to give it brightness and illumination. It 
is the mind that makes the face beautiful a.nd body 
graceful. If you would improve the face you must 
first improve the mind. Oranges do not grow on apple 
trees, neither shall we look into a thoughtless face for 
an intelligent mind. Iniquity never shines through a 
polished countenance. Yice and ignorance never 
blossom on an attractive face. Attractiveness of face 
does not depend wholly upon regularity of features, for 
how many common faces are made pleasing by rays of 
a cultui'ed mind sparkling through them, 




Fig. Si. 



Goethe: A handsome man; larg'e 
brain; great intellect; Harmonious iyio 
Temperament, 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



95 




Yice distorts, and incessantly repeated produces 
durable scars and indelible disfigurations. ISToble 

and benevolent condi- 
tions of the mind im- 
prove and beautify the 
countenance, and let me 
write that inseparable 
truth, that it renovates 
the entire system, the 
mind and body. Peo- 
ple who are unfortunate 
to be born with ugly 
bad faces, can beautify 
and improve them only 
by virtue, morality, cul- 
ture and self-mastery ; 
by combating the pas- 
sions, appetites and ex- 
cesses. The ancient physiognomist, Zophyrus, said of 
Socrates that he " was stupid, brutal, sensual and ad- 
dicted to drunkenness," and the disciples of the great 
philosopher ridiculed the opinion as altogether^ wrong, 
the latter said " he is right. By nature lam addicted to 
all the vices and they were only restrained and 
vanquished by the continual practice of virtue." 
Socrates possessed a massive brain, a broad deep fore- 
head, but a face ugly and distorted, a confirmed snub 
nose, his features however were greatly modified and 
improved by culture. I have known children born in 
a hut of vice, nursed on the bosom of ignorance, 
inhaled the breath of crime, adopted into a well 
regulated family, with divine influences, refined asso- 



FlG. 35. 

Tommy: Whoso brain was so small, 
"that he could not siicceed in any calling. 
Note how inexpressive is the face — idi- 
otic. 



FACIOLOaT. 



ciations and healthful environments, and noted .the 

results. 

' * Sown in dishonor but raised in glory." 

They not only became handsome in person, but their 
Avhole character was changed, industry, temperance 
and studiousness was produced ; a good face and 
complexion, bright eyes, a well formed body, active and 
supple. 

Have you never witnessed the reformation of a 
drunkard ? How his dissipated, haggard countenance 
changes in expression ; how the inflamed stagnate com- 
plexion whitens and assumes the tint of normality, as 
the system carries away the poisonous deposits; see 
how the eyes clear up, as the beautiful sky after a 
heavy rain ; observe the mouth, how its beauty is 
enhanced by a temperate life; listen to his voice, the 





Fia. 3b". Fig. 37. 

Sai-ah Smith : an ignorant, coarse, Elizabeth Cady Stanton : A face 

stupid face. The result of a wild full of intelligence, culture and 

growth. refinement. 

harsh grating sounds that were wont to be, ring now 
like a neglected instrument put in tune ; notice his 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 97 

whole jDhysiognoui}^, what a transformation takes 
place in the man. 

Man's degeneration is as rapid and apparent as his 
evolution. Man is either progressing or retrograding, 
going forward or backward. Man may fall as well as 
rise. Debauchery and excess will disfigure and totally 
change a lovely countenance. 

We are all witnesses of this truth ; too many 
examples are constantly before our gaze. How many 
young men do we know that are bright, promising, 
with strong native powers, great possibilities, that are 
staggering and grappling under the sins of intemper- 
ance, and how truly we can mark each degree of their 
down-fall by the face, the dissipated expression, 
blurred eyes, shameful look, infirm step. Beware 
young man of the picture you make. 

The beauty and deformity of the face is the true 
index to determine the intellectual and moral purity of 
the mind. Compare the physiognomies of the inmates 
of our reformatory institutions, for boys and girls, and 
prisons and houses of correction, for men and women, 
where we discover every type of degeneration, the 
criminal, the stupid, the indolent, the vulgar, the 
brutal, the vicious; with the 3"oung and old in our 
colleges and universities ; with those in free, cultured 
and enlightened homes and communities ; what marked 
contrasts we note in the development of the faces, 
what a boon in favor of culture, virtue and moralit}^ ; 
what an array of facts and proofs to corroborate the 
^reat science of faciology. How man has lived is 
written in his countenance and is more reliable and 
more truthful than theic autobiography. 

Look upon this picture (38), then upon this (39), a fair 

7 



98 



FACIOLOGY. 



representation of two boys, both naturally bright and 
intelligent, the one brought up and nurtured under 
benign influences, benevolence and parental love,, in 




Fig. 38. Fig. 39. 

refinement and culture ; the other has been subjected 
to the caprices of a brutal father and ignorant, vicious 
mother, and in evil associations ; he never experienced 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 99 

the divine blessings of a mother's love, her cautious 
vratchfulness for his welfare ; or had the advantage of 
fatherly advice, kindness and protection. The one has 
lived m sunshine, pleasure and love ; the other has lived 
in deforming in JBLuences of vice, ignorance, anger and pas- 
sion. How biographical are their physiognomies. The 
one has a face kind, loving, intelligent — eyes bright 
and sparkling, countenance open and features smooth. 
The other, how different! The face is wrinkled and 
scowled, lips pouting, forehead with frowns of anger, 
eyes fiery, his countenance badly marred and disfigured 
frcftn the life he has lived. 

As we develop the brain we shape the face ; as we 
educate our minds we mould the countenances. Min- 
isters, doctors, lawyers, actors, artists, poets, business 
men, farmers, all professions, are known by peculiar 
physiognomies, expressive of their particular vocations. 
The reason for this is obvious. One in following a cer- 
tain trade or calling brings into constant use certain 
faculties of the mind more than others, and as a matter 
of natural law the activities and conditions of these 
powers of the soul must be reflected in the mind's 
mirror, the face. All ministers have a clerical appear- 
ance that distinguishes them from the doctor, the 
lawyer, the business man. Clergymen possess large 
and active moral sentiments. They may differ 
essentially in all other developments of the brain, 
yet because, as a class, they use these religious en- 
dowments more than other professions, this habitual 
exercise paints a noble, benevolent, gentle, humane ex- 
pression on the countenance. True, there are men 
wearing the mantle of Christ whose facial visage is 
cold, austere, selfish, ambitious, minus of the kind and 



100 FACIOLOGY. 

philanthropic expressions that should cliaracterize the 
countenance of one in so high a calling. The heads of 
such ministers' will differ in shape from their noble 
brothers' as widely as their appearances. The expres- 
sion that is predominant in the face will determine the 
faculties that are predominant in the mind. The man 
who seeks the pulpit, whose head is too broad for its 
height, where the propensities are large and sentiments 
small, he may be learned and sociable, but to do good 
will not be his ruling passion. He will utilize the min- 
isterial profession to gratify personal ambitions. 
Preachers as a class have the best brains and finest 
faces, and are unselfish people. 

Poets and artists usually have beautiful faces and 
show a strong resemblance. The same powers of the 
mind that paint the landscape with the brush, de- 
scribe the scene with words. They are both artists, 
they differ only in the tools they use to construct their 
ideas and imaginations. Ideality is the seat of art^ 
beauty and poetry. This perfecting faculty of the 
mind adds an assthetic charm to the face. 

"Faciology " corresponds with craniology; like brains 
like faces ; as the mind differs in character the face 
differs in expression. There are no two persons alike 
in nature ; there are no two persons alike in appearance. 
All criminals have mean, low, base looks, yet the face 
of the niurderer, liar and thief show that different pro- 
pensities predominate, causing their different disppsi- 
tions in crime. But the selfish department of the brain 
is larger and stronger thaA the higher natures in every 
case, and the faces in all indicate great deficiency 
in moral rectitude and intelligence. A person may 
look smart and mean at the same time. An intel- 



BRAINS AND FOEMS. 101 

lectual villain, the head will be low in the crown, broad 
around the ears and a good forehead. Sometimes wo 
see a face that looks ignorant, obtuse, yfet it possesses 
no mean qualities, but appears good and kind. Ser- 
vants often have such faces who have small brows, 
no education or culture, but their heads will be high 
in benevolence and conscience, and small at the base, 
the region of the propensities. From the face alone 
we can determine man's whole phrenology. 

The only way to look bright and intelligent . is to 
develop the intellect ; to look moral, good and kind, is 
to exercise and use the moral sentiments; to appear 
friendly, amiable, affectionate, is to augment the social 
nature of the brain. Individual beauty is wholly a 
condition of mental growth. God gave each one that 
wonderful power, of being the architect of their own 
facial edifice, as they desire to appear. 

Education, circumstances, associations, occupations, 
have a more potent power in changing man's facial 
beauty than heredity. Environments good or bad, 
happy or dull; the associations, moral or immoral ; the 
home enlightened and attractive, or full of meanness 
and ignorance, are as influential in changing the face 
as the mind, the brain as the character. 

Animal nature and human nature are the same so 
far as they possess like functions ; the same natural law 
effect both in a similar manner. Take the animal from 
his native wilds, cha.nge his habits of life, give him new 
associations and different diet, we soon thereby change 
the character of his mind and you will also observe a 
change in the physiognomy. Darwin tells us how 
domesticsition changes their natures, and in so doing 
reforms the foundation of all, th€ brain ; and has pro- 



102 FACIOLOGY, 

duced endless modification^ of the external appear- 
ances. The newfoundland, bull dog, greyhound and 
pug are undoubtedly from the same remote ancestry, 
but so different in characteristics, that it seems absurd 
and unwise to consider them from a common species. 
Take the wild plant from its natural soil, how cultiva- 
tion, improved nourishment, changes its type and 
foliage. But in order to change the external conforma- 
tion, we must change the internal characteristics. To 
change the face we must change the mind. 

"Cleanse first that which is within, that the outside may be 
clean also." Matt, xxiii: 20 

PHYSIOGNOMONICAL ANECDOTES. 
I. 

I require nothing of thee, said a father to his inno- 
cent son, when bidding him farewell, but that thou 
shouldest bring me back this thy countenance. 

2. 

A noble, amiable, and innocent young lady, who 
had been chiefly educated in the country, saw her face 
in the glass, as she passed it with a candle in her hand, 
retiring from evening prayer, and having just laid 
down her Bible. Her eyes were cast to the ground, 
.with inexpressible modesty, at the sight of her own 
image. She passed the winter in town, .surrounded by 
adorers, hurried away by dissipation, and plunged in 
trifling amusement; she forgot her Bible and her 
devotion. In the beginning of spring she returned 
again to her country seat, her chamber, and the table 
on which her Bible lay. Again she had the candle in 
her hand, and again saw herself in the glass. She 
turned pale, put down the candle, retreated to a sofa 



BRAINS AND FORMS. l03 

and fell on her knees. — " Oh. God ! I no longer know 
my own face. How am 1 degraded I My follies and 
vanities are all written in my 'countenance. Wherefore 
have they been unseen, illegible till this instant ? Oh, 
come and expel, come and utterly efface them, mild 
tranquility, sweet devotion, and 3^e gentle cares of 
benevolent love ! " 

3. 
" I will forfeit my life," said Titus of the priest 
Tacitus, '' if this man be not an arch knave. I have 
three times observed him sigh and weep without 
cause ; and ten times turn aside, to conceal a laugh he 
could not restrain, when vice or misfortune were men- 
tioned," 

4. 
A stranger said to a physiognomist, " How many 
dollars is my facdworth ? " " It is hard to determine," 
replied the latter. *' It is worth fifteen hundred," 
continued the questioner, " for so many has a person 
lent me upon it to whom I was a total stranger." 

5. 

A poor man asked alms. " How much do you 
want ? " said the person of whom he asked, astonished 
at the peculiar honesty of his countenance. "How 
shall I dare to fix the sum ? " answered the needy per- 
son : "give me what you please, Sir, I shall be con- 
tented and thankful." " JSTot so," replied the physiog- 
nomist, " as God lives I will give you what you want, 
be it little or much." " Then, Sir, be pleased to give 
me eight shillings." " Here they are ; had you asked 
a hundred guineas, you should have had dfiem." 



104 



FACIOLOGY. 



TME rOREHEAD, 



" The starlight of the brain."— iV. P. Willis. 

"iThe forehead is the gate of the mind." — Cicero. 

" The intellect of man sits enthroned visible on his forehead." — 
Longfellow. 

" God has placed no limit to the mte\\ect.—Baco7i. 

" On the front appear light and gloom, ioy and anxiety, stupidity, 
ignorance and vice. On this brazen table are deeply engraved every 
combination of sense and soul. I can conceive no spectator to whom 
the forehead can appear uninteresting. Here all the graces revel, or 
all the Cyclops thunder, Nature has left it bare, that by it the coun- 
tenance may be enlightened or darkened . " 




Fig. 42. 
Foreheads and Faces expressive of different grades of intelligence. 



THE FOKEHEAD IS THE SEAT OF THE INTELLECT. 

The intellectual greatness of man is evidenced hy the 
brow. The forehead embraces the frontal section of 
the head above the eyebrows to the coronal region, and 
not, as is commonly supposed, that which is merely 
bald ; for this may or may not be a positive test. This 
premature baldness or loss of hair does not indicate 
intellect, but an unhealthful condition of the scalp or 
an inherited predisposition to baldness. Nevertheless, 



BRAmS AND FORMS. 105 

it is a fact that intellectual people are usually hairless 
to the limits of the forehead, caused perhaps from the 
excess of heat generated by constant use of these 
powers of the brain, which is injurious to hair growth. 
The proper way to determine th^ capacity of the fore- 
head is to measure the distance from the center of the 
ear to the arch of the eyebrows, and in the same man- 
ner to the arch of the upper part of the forehead, and 
the amount of surface between determines its size. 

This division of the head is the feature of the face 
which shows most conspicuously the great demarka- 
tion between man and brute. It is this part of the 
facial development that we estimate the intellectual 
acumen of man; it is the index to man's reasoning, 
retentive and perceptive powers. 

The intellect is man's great propelling force; the 
beacon light of the mind; the governor of the soul; 
man's only true guide ; it is the dictator over our 
mentalities. God has defined its high and important 
power by placing it the foremost part of the brain. 
God has stamped man's intelligence upon his face 
for all mankind to behold. The forhead indicates the 
calibre and true greatness of man. 

All great men have good foreheads. Observe the 
busts, portraits, pictures of the intellectual lights of all 
history, Socrates, Plato, Dante, Kewton, Shakespeare, 
Bacon, Webster, Clay, Blaine, Harrison and all think- 
ers, ' philosophers, statesmen, authors in ancient and 
modern times who have won name, fame and distinc- 
tion for intellectual superiority and genius, you will 
discover the potent fact that they all, without exception 
have had large broad foreheads; while on the other 
hand all weak minded people, fools and weaklings of 



106 FAGIOLOGY. 

the race, unless generated by disease, have small, 
narrow, pinched-up foreheads. 

Make a scientific visit to institutions for the feeble 
minded, State prisons, reform schools, and study the 
foreheads of the inmates, notice how small, narrow 
and retreating most all are. Where you discover one 
above the average in depth and breadth, we will find 
,upon examination this individual will be superior in 
intellectual power, according to his higher develop- 
ments. Animals possessing the largest foreheads are the 
most intelligent and easiest trained. While observing 
the animals in a zoological garden, an experienced 
elephant trainer informed me that Asiatic elephants 
had a sinking in the middle of the forehead and it was 
impossible to teach them anything; while the African 
elephants were full in this locality of the front head, 
and he could teach them many tricks. This observa- 
tion made by this animal teacher was without any 
knowledge of science, but from long experience; it 
nevertheless confirms a great scientific fact. 

Man naturally, intuitively, looks for intelligence from 
a good brow. Painters, sculptors, artists never in 
drawing from there imaginations paint or chisel an igno- 
ramus with a forehead of a Lowell or a Whittier, or in 
representing a criminal give him the intellectual stamp 
of a Beecher or a Swing. What inconsistency there 
would be in such a production. Common observation 
is all that is necessary to learn the functions of the 
forehead. 

In order to obtain a comprehensive knowledge of the 
different forms of foreheads, and their associated char- 
acteristics we must briefly consider the phrenological 
divisions of the intellect, and special faculties or mem- 



BRA.1NS AND FOKMS. 



107 



bers composing these sections, as they are developed 
by the anterior lobes of the brain and outlined by the 
brow. There is an infinite variety of shaped foreheads- 
the}^ are as various as the different people and intellects^ 
some are high, low, flat, retreating, perpendicular, 
concave, convex, broad, narrow. As the forehead is 
so is the intellect. 

Phrenologically speaking, the forehead is divided 
into three stories, the first story, comprising the per- 
ceptives, is located just above the eyes, they are the 



Plato. 



Lavater. 




Fig. 43. 
Observe the high standard of in- 
tellectuality represented by the 
brow; how beautiful, thought- 
ful, and penetrating are the 
eyes, nose straight and classical; 
a mouth expressive of nobleness, 
love and purity 



Fig. 44. 
This face possesses many 
worthy qualities. The eyes 11- 
luminous with expression; the 
nose strong and asrgressive; the 
mouth and chin affectionate. 



observing powers, which adapt man to the physical 
world. They give the ability and perception to judge 
and estimate the quality, size, weight distances, colors, 
forms, order, and numbers of things and objects. This 



108 FAOIOLOGY. 

perceptive intellect is composed of the faculties of 
individuality, form, size, color, weight, order, calcula- 
tion. "When these organs predominate or project out 
beyond the section of the head a,bove, we behold an 
observer. Such persons are more perceptive than 
reflective, more practical than profound, good natural" 
ists but poor originators. They possess a great deal of 
ready knowledge, and found usually in those spheres 
and occupations demanding practical and ready action. 
Make a comparative examination of the foreheads of 
Lavater, (figure M) and Plato, (figure 43). You observe 
the brow of Lavater to be very retreating, the distance 
from the center of the ear to the perceptive faculties is 
much longer than to the reflectives, located in the upper 
region of the forehead. This peculiar type, if the size 
of the head was very small, would indicate idiocism, 
feeble intelligence. Many noted personages have 
retreating brows, but the distance of the head to these 
intellectual organs* will always be found to be long. 
Always where theobservins: powers predominate largely 
over the reasoning organs, as in the case of Lavater, 
such persons will be good naturalists but poor philo- 
sophers ; they will possess more brilliancy than pro- 
fundity ; more practical than scientific. Observe 
Plato's forehead, it measures large to every part ; he 
was an intellectual giant ; he was both perceptive and 
reflective ; an observer and a thinker ; a naturalist and a 
philosopher. Lavater was an astute observer; retentive 
powers and language large; he was a prolific writer, but 
he was deficient in the logical abilities, in reason, to 
originate, to investigate the causes and efl'ects of that 
which he observed. His works correspond with his 
character, they are fragmentary, without system, 
method, or science. 



BRAESrS AND FORMS. 



109 



Man's reasoning powers compose the faculties of the 
upper or third sto)y of the brow, and when large give 
a perpendicular appearance to the forehead, and some- 
times when very large it gives an over-hanging cast to 
that part of the head as in Franklin and Socrates. 
These faculties make man originate, invent, investigate, 
philosophize, analyze, discriminate and classify. This 
reasoning section is made up of the faculties of caus- 
ality and comparison. Causality reasons from cause 
to effect ; Comparison reasons from analogy. All great 
philosophers and thinkers have this part of the brain 
largely developed, it gives breadth, height and promi- 
nence to the forehead. 

The middle or second story is occupied by the reten- 
tives or what they are sometimes termed the literary 
or historical faculties. They are located between the 
perceptives and reflectives, 
and when large, give ful- 
ness to the head in this 
region, and when very 
large gives a convex shape 
to this locality, as the 
brow of Wilkie Collins, 
the novelist. Fig. 45. Such 
persons with these facul- 
ties-well developed have 
great capacity for literary 
information, good mem- 
ory of dates, events, exper- fig.45. 

, , 1 X i. Wilkie Collins, the novelist, very 

lence, anecdotes and laCtS laro-ellterary and retentive faculties 
, TT- . • •» A fine brain and organization.* 

m ofeneral. Historians and 

authors possess this type of brow, as Hume, Macaulay, 

Bancroft are illustrious examples wiih this group of 




110 FACIOLOGT. 

the intellect very largely developed. This division is 
composed of the faculties, Eventuality, Time, Tune, 
Language. 

An intellect that is well constructed in all three 
stories of the forehead, that is harmoniously developed, 
high, wide and deep ; perceptive, retentive and 
reflective, we have a great intellect. Such persons are 
philosophers and scientists, thinkers and observers, 
theorizers and naturalists. We find such brows on the 
busts of Socrates, Newton, Bacon, Shakespeare, 
Humbolt, Plato, Webster, Franklin. 

I have often in my practice examined heads where 
the reasoning and observing faculties were large, while 
the literary or retentive powers were deficient, giving 
a concave appearance to the middle region of the 
forehead where this section is located. Such persons 
are shrewd observers and good logicians, but they are 
deficient in the power to recall their knowledge readil}^ 
or express what they have learned fluently and with 
effect. 

A forehead that is unusualh^ small and low will 
never be found on great or brilliant people, but it truly 
indicates a weak, feeble intellect and observed only on 
ignoramuses. There is, however, persons who are 
developed in the first and second stories, in perce]3tion 
and retentives, and will appear brilliant and scholarh% 
for they have power to see and learn from observation, 
also the ability to remember and express the knowledge 
they accumulate, they will be more brilliant than pro- 
found ; have more tact than talent ; they haven't the 
reasoning powers to give them originality and depth ; 
they pass for more than their calibre is worth ; they 
merely reproduce what some thinkers have studied and 



BRAIIJS AND FOKMS. Ill 

thought out. A forehead that is very small and very 
retreating indicates idiocism, and found only on fools, 
simpletons, and persons of weak mentality. This type 
of forehead is nearer like that of brutes than man, and 
almost destitute of the reasoning and higher powers of 
the intellect, which raise man above the animal and 
give him his advanced standing amongst the inhabi- 
tants of the earth. 



THE WINDOWS or THE SOUL. 



THE LANGUAGE OF THE EYE AND EYEBROWS. 

" Sweet silent rhetoric of persuading eyes."— /^> W, 

Davenant. 
" Her eyes are homes of silent prayer." — Tennysoii. 
" Soul deep eyes of darkest night." — Joaquin Miller, 
" Woman's glances express what they dare not speak." 

— Alphonse Karr. 
" An eye like Mars to threaten and command." — Shak. 
'*Eyes so transparent that through them one sees the lucent 

soul." — TheopMle Oautier. 
' ' The eyes are the windows of a woman's heart you may 

enter that way." — Eugene Sue. 
"Stabbed with a wench's black eye." — Shak. 
" Beautiful eyes in the face of a handsome woman are like 

eloquence to speech." — Bulver Lytton. 
" Guns, swords, batteries, armies and ships of -war are set 
in motion by man for the subjugation of an enemy. 
Women bring conquerers to their feet by the magic of 
their eyes." — Br. J. V. G. Smith. 
"All the gazers of the skies read not in the fair haven's 
story expresser truth or truer story than they might in 
her bright eyes." — Ben Johnson. 
"And eyes disclosed what eyes alone could iQlV^Bwight. 
" The images of our secret agitations are particularly painted 
in the eyes. The eye appertains more to the soul than any other 
organ ; seems affected by, and to participate in, all its emotions ; 
expresses sensations the most lively, passions the most tumultuous, 
feelings the most delightful, and sentiments the most delicate. It 
explains them in all their force, in all their purity, as they take 
birth, and transmits them by traits so rapid as to infuse into other 
minds the fire, the activity, the very image with which themselves 

m 



BRAINS AND FOEMS. 113 

are inspired. The eye at once receives and reflects the intelligence 
of thought, and the warmth of sensibility ; it is the sense of the 
mind, the tongue of the understanding." 

What a wondrous and curious piece of mechanism 
is the eye. How delicate and complicated in its con- 
struction ; how accurate m its delineations ; how com- 
prehensive in its objects; how prodigious are the func- 
tions of this little organ ; how the passions, emotions, 
sensations and feelings are converged in this little 
receptacle, the eye ; it is the seat of love, anger, pride 
and avarice ; they are all visible in these small orbs. 

The eye converses in all languages ; it tarries for no 
introduction, but kindly opens the soul of man and 
bids you welcome. It is the portal of the house within, 
a common thoroughfare where the mind passes in and 
out. You need not rap at the entrance ; it knows no 
rank or class ; riches or power, learning or virtue, but 
you can look into the soul in a moment's time and 
depart with rich satisfaction of what was lurking 
within. 

It is through this member of the face that we are 
animated with pleasure, and made pregnant with 
knowledge. The eye enriches the entire man; it is to 
life what the sun is to the world ; it is like a beacon 
light in the rocky tower lighting the course of the 
ship, by protecting, guarding and educating surround- 
ing life ; keeping from harm, warning them of danger, 
leading and protecting them safely on. 

Notice how nature has provided the eye with defense ; 
see how wonderfully this stupendous machine is com- 
posed ; how well they are secured in the bony hollow, 
yet sufficiently prominent to perform its many duties. 



114: FACIOLOGY. 

How admirably are its movements directed by its little 
muscles; observe with what perspicuity the humors 
transmit the light, and how perfectly the rays are re- 
fracted by their figure. Marvelous, indeed, when we 
consider the number of objects the eye is capacitated 
to view at once, and at the same time distinguish the 
characteristics of what it sees ; the quality, form, 
shape, color, etc.; it can behold the earth and view the 
heavens in a moment's time. 

So* full of meaning, so exuberant with thought, so 
luminous with love, so fiery with passion, so expressive 
of mental character, that the student of human nature 
in order to delineate character with precision and ac- ' 
curacy, must understand the grammar of the eye. 
Other features of the face may indicate particular traits 
or powers of the mind, but the eye more than all the 
others combined, indexes the true character; the eye 
speaks of the quality and intensity of the mind. The 
eye foretells the truth when all the other features 
deceive us. " When the eye says one thing and the 
tongue another," says Emerson, " the practical man 
relies on the former." The fair lover, with reproof on 
her lips, says " I hate you," but the smile in her eye 
gives him courage. 

"Faster than his tongue did make offense 
His eye did heal it uip."—Shak. 

All the virtues that emanate from the soul, gather 

their soft lustre in the eyes. If crime lurks in the 

mind the eyes are first to tell it. If evil thoughts, 

sensual desires, base aims, are caged within the brain^ 

the eyes reveal the secret. 

"True eyes, 
Too pure and too honest in aught to disguise 
Jhe sweet soul shining through them." 



BEAIKS AND PORMS. 115 

The eye speaks a beautiful discourse under any con- 
dition ; even at rest, it is most interesting and eloquent. 
A beautiful eye gives currency to an ugly face. 

What intelligent person will doubt that the mind 
manifests the conditions of both mind and body. AYhy 
grows the eye hot and fiery in anger ? Why melting 
in sorrow ? Why sparkling in joy ? Why soft and 
tender in love ? Why mild and gentle in sympathy ? 
Why dim and lusterless in sickness ? Why dull and 
blank in ignorance ? Why inflamed in fever ? Why 
cloudy in disease i — and many other evidences to prove 
the assertion that the mind and body indicate their 
condition in the eyes. 

In observing the eye of another, the first thing that 
marks our attention is the brightness, or illumination. 
This lustre is as various as the different passions, emo- 
tions and intellects, and speaks according to the pre- 
dominance of the one or the other. The color of the 
eye frequently looses its charm in the presence of this 
lustre. A bright eye is the most infallible index to 
youthfulness and health, whereas the lack of lustre is 
the sign of a feeble constitution and are poor windows 
from which Cupid can shoot her arrows. Xo wonder 
the poets have search. ed all nature for analogies to the 
brilliancy of the maiden's eye. They have been com- 
pared to the beautiful and briUiant things of the 
heavens and earth, the sky, stars, sun, flowers, dia- 
monds, crystals dew-drops , and all that has beauty, 
radiance and splendor. 

There has been many theories introduced to explain 
the lustrous dross which gives the eye so much beauty. 
This freshness is due to the moisture of the conjunc- 
tiva. Its brilliancy is greater or less according to the 



116 FACIOLOGlf. 

movements of the eyelids. The conjunctiva consists of 
six or eight layers of cells. It is an extremely thin and 
highly sensitive membrane which lines the surface of 
the eyeballs, as well as the eyelids on the inside. It is 
in this membrane that we experience so much pain 
when anything comes in contact with the eye, as cin- 
ders, particles of dust, etc. It is these lachrymal 
glands that washes and cleans and lubricates the cornea, 
and in strong emotions of the mind, as in grief, sorrow, 
laughter, consolidates into tears. As the rose is sweeter 
when washed with dew, so the eye is brightest with a 
fresh suppl}^ of this lachrymal fluid. It is then the 
eye emulates the diamond. After a refreshing sleep 
or a walk in the open air the eyes are the most lustrous. 
After a severe cry the glands are temporarily exhausted 
and it is with difficulty the lids are raised. When the 
health is poor, vitality low, these glands, like all the 
functions of the body, fail to perform well their duties, 
hence the eyes lose their charm. 

The shapely brow may speak intelligence, the nose 
of force, the mouth of refinement, the chin of affection, 
but if the eyes speak differently, believe the eyes. 
When the light glimmers dimly through the well- 
stained windows of the soul there is no fire within — 
the light has exhausted the fuel, the soul is dying 
behind it. 

The pupil of the eye is always black in all people 
and animals. In the middle of the white sclerotic is a 
membrane which gives the eyes their characteristics, 
variations of color, the iris or rainbow curtain. JSJo 
other syllable of the human face has been so eloquently 
written upon as the color of the eye. The poets and 
novelists have so beautifully and truthfully extolled 



Mains and foxims. 11? 

the language of each in their turn, the black, biue, 
brown, hazel and the gray. The color of the eye is due 
to small pigment granules in its inner layer. The 
function of these pigments is to absorb any excess of 
light wlj^ich enters the eye. If the membrane was des- 
titute of these granules all the light would be reflected 
and create a glare and confusion that no object could 
be seen. 

The Albino is an anomalous case where the pigment 
granules are almost absent, causes a pink color to the 
iris; and observe that because of this deficiency there 
is an excess of light, and it is with great difficulty, 
and then only by partially closing the curtains of 
the eye, can they see in the daylight. Natural selec- 
tion makes the eye blacker as we approach the tropics, 
and it is clearly obvious why the inhabitants of the 
sunny climes should have more of this pigmentary mat- 
ter in the eyes. This iris in some is so dark that it is 
easily confounded with the pupil, but in northern parts 
the pupil is perceptible no matter what the color of the 
eye may be. The Esquimax, living as they do in the 
constant glare and reflection of the ice and snow-fields, 
is equally protected as the negro on the sunny plains 
of Africa, and their eyes are equally as black. 

" The most common colors of the eyes," says Lavater, 
^'are orange, green, blue, and gray mixed with white. 
The blue and orange are most predominant and are 
often found in the same eye. Eves supposed to be 
black are only yellow, brown or deep orange. To con- 
vince ourselves of this you only need to observe them 
closely, for when seen at a distance or turned towards 
the light they appear to be black ; there being such a 
contrast to the white. Eyes of less dark color, pass 



lis faciology. 

for black eyes, but are not esteemed so fine as the 
others, because the contrast is not so great — the finest 
eyes are those we imagine to be l^lue or black." 

The peculiar surroundings of the eye, as very heavy 
dark eyebrows often make a light eye appear black, so 
too, great lustre robs the eyes of their native hue. 

Dark eyes are usually accompanied by an analogous 
temperament the brunette type. The dark eye, 
broadly speaking, is the southern eye ; the light, the 
northern eye. The dark eye usually associates itself 
with black hair, dark complexion. It indicates strong 
passions and great intensity of mind ; it denotes man- 
hood, strength and toughness of constitution. Such 
manifest a very acute and keen intellect, but r\pt so 
versatile and profound as the light. Dark eyes indi- 
cate more physical strength and manhood than the 
light. Light eyes are considered effeminate, but some 
of the most powerful pepple physically and mentally 
have possessed them. 

" Those black eyes so dark and deep." 
"Thy brown eyes have looks like bii'ds, 

Flying- straightway to the light." 
" Soul deep eyes of the darkest night." 

Light eyes, the blue and the gray, usually accompany 
the blonde or medium temperament, they always 
accompany a light complexion, but very frequently 
found associated with dark or brown hair. They 
indicate natures mild and calm ; with amiable and 
agreeable dispositions. They are less sensitive and 
possess splendid refinement, great susceptibilit}'- and 
capable of endurance. The light eyes are more truty 
the intellectual eyes. Great men have more often 
been found with blue eyes than any other color; 
Shakespeare, Socrates, Locke, Bacon, Franklin, l^apo- 



BRAIN8 AND FOBMS. 119 

leon, Bismark, Gladstone, Huxley, Yirchow, Milton, 
Edison and Renan, all the presidents of the United 
States except Harrison, are all said to have been blue- 
eyed. 

Where we observe light eyes with dark hair we 
have one of the finest combinations, it indicates 
masculine strength and feminine grace and refinement. 

" Within her tender eye the heaven of April with its changing 
light." 

" Her eyes were blue and calm as the sky in the serenest noon." 

" They are the fountains of thought and song." 

" The bright black, the melting blue 
I cannot choose between the two; 
But that is dearest all the while 
Which wears for me the sweetest smile.*' 

"Let the blue eye tell of love. 

And the black of beauty, 
But the gray soars far above 

In the realm of duty. 

Ardor for the black proclaim, 

Gentle sympathy for blue; 
But the gray may be the same. 

And the gray is ever true. 

The blue is the measured radiance of moonlight glances lonely, 
And the black the sparkle of midnight when the stars are gleaming 

only; 
But the gray is the eye of the morning, and a truthful daylight 

brightness 
Controls the passionate black with a flashing of silvery whiteness. 

Sing, then, of the blue eyes love, 

Sing the hazel eye of beauty; 
But the gray is crowned above, 

Radiant in the realm of duty." 

The body of the eye is so deeply deposited in its fair 
encasements that its form and solidity is of but little 



120 FACIOLOGY. 

practical importance. The size of the eye as we view 
it at first blush is determined by the droopings and 
openings of the eyelids, hence it is to these formal 
draperies of beauty that we learn its form, size and 
volume. 

Large eyes were admired iu Greece, where they still prevail. 
They are the finest of all when they have the internal look, which is 
not common. The stag or antelope eye of the Orientals is beautiful 
and lamping, but is accused of looking skittish and indifferent. 
"The epithet of 'stag-eyed,' " says Lady Wortley Montagu, speak- 
ing of a Turkish love-song, "pleases me extremely; and I think it a 
very lively image of the fire and indifference in his mistress's eye." 

— Leigh Runt. 

Large eyes have been extolled since the origin of 
poetry. Mohammedan heaven is inhabited with " vir- 
gins with chaste mien and large black eyes." Arabian 
poets compare their idols to those of the gazelle and the 
deer. Greek literature tells us that large eyes were 
emblems of beauty as well as mental superiority. Who 
has not read of Homer's ox-eyed Juno. 

Large eyes indicate greater activity, more vivacity 
and liveliness than small ones, this is equally true with 
animals and insects. The rabbit, squirrel, cat, mouse, 
sheep and goat have large eyes and great activity, 
while the elephant, pig, rhinocerous have compara- 
tively small eyes and are very slow and inactive. 
Drooping eyelids sometimes cause a large eye to appear 
small, but seldom. Large expressive eyes indicate large 
language, easy expression, fluent talkers and good 
entertainers. Large ejres see more than small ones 
and found usually on persons more perceptive than 
reflective. 

Yery large eyes, open and conspicuous, are sensitive, 
and often impudent, where they show the whites above 
and below. Large eyes, deep, slow and even-motioned, 



iJRAINS AND FORMS. l2l 

indicate a thoughtful, mild and uniform character. 
Sharp, quick-motioned ej^es denote a fiery, emotional 
character. Eyes inclined downward show a larger 
development of the mental faculty of language. When 
the external angle of the eye extends upward it indi- 
cates a large organ of bibativeness, the love of liquids, 
often found on faces of great drinkers. 

Long eyes show greater penetration, more thought 
and mental acumen than round ones, as found in chil- 
dren who talk more than they think. The reason for this 
seems obvious, as soon as persons begin to think, they 
partially close their eyelids ; we don't think by staring 
with our eyes wide open, but by turning our gaze upon 
our minds, so to speak. Eyes full, but not too prominent, 
tnose that generously open and form an acute angle with 
the nose, shows brilliancy of mind and sound under- 
standing. 

CONJUGALITY OR CONSTANCY. 

The facial organ of this faculty is found in the eye. 
When the individual's love is polygamous or the 
affections vacillating, the commissure or opening be- 
tween the lids is almond-shaped or narrow; if the com- 
missure has large vertical measurement the love is 
connubial and fidelity strong. Observe the eyes of 
Brigham Young, the noted polygamist, for the 
deficiency in this faculty. 



THE CURTAINS Or TME EYE. 



Overhanging, shading and protecting the celestial, 
radiant windows of the soul are the eyebrows. They 
are the chief seat of individuality, and truly reveal the 
story of character. The nature and mobility of the 
eyebrow makes them very significant in expression. 
We see there displayed with equal clearness anger, 
pride, contempt, gentleness, firmness, nobleness and 
quality of character. 

Eyebrows that are gently arched and regular are 
characteristic of femininity ; while on the other hand 
eyebrows that are horizontal, heavy and bushy give a 
masculine appearance to the countenance. 

Weak eyebrows are found on persons with phleg- 
matic temperament and denotes debility and weakness ; 
while strong, angular, waving eyebrows indicate firm- 
ness activity and fire. 

Eyebrows that are high and remote from the eyes 
are never the confines of the brows of thinkers or men 
of fortitude, but a mark of thoughtless volatile charac- 
ter. 

Dark eyebrows indicate strength and firmness; 
while light ones denote effeminacy. 

Eyebrows that are thick and bushy, but not wild 
and luxuriant in appearance and closely overshadowing 
the eyes is a positive proof of profound wisdom, true 
conception and a manly character. As on the head of 
Webster, Darwin, Bryant, Schiller, Sir Walter Scott, 
Dr, Chalmers and others. 

122 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 123 

The closer the eyebrows are to the eyes the more 
earnestjthoughtful and firm will the character be fouDd. 

Eyebrows meeting in the center are frequently found 
on honest, amiable and worthy people. They have been 
noted as a mark of beauty by the Arabs and other 
nationalities. Tennyson speaks of '' the charm of the 
married brows." But I fail to apprehend any aesthetic 
quality in them, especially on women, they give the 
face a masculine, severe, grave and gloomy appearance. 
It often evidences a wry spirit and a troubled mind. 

Shaggy, rough, coarse eyebrows indicate a gross, 
rough, irregular character and usually accompany the 
motive temperament, while thin delicate eyebrows 
denote a fine sensitive mind and found on the mental 
temperament. 



NASOLOGY. 



WHAT S IN A NOSE. 




No. I. James Parton 

No. 2. A. M. Rice. No. 6. 

No 3. Wm. M. Evarts. No. 7, 

No. 1. General Wisewell. No. 8. 



Fig. 46. 

PORTRAITS FROM LIFE IN " HEADS AND FACES." 

No. .5. Emperor Paul of Priisssia. No. 9 



George Eliot. 

King Frederick the Strong, 

Prof. George Bush. 



General Napier. 
No. 10. Otho the Great. 
No. 11. African. 



The nose is a very important physiological organ. 
" God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life." 
The nose is nature's wonderful filterer and purifier. 
How perfectly this little organ is constructed ; how its 
hairy ducts rid the air of its impurities, germs and dust; 
and warms the cold draughts of air before they enter 
the delicate tubes of the lungs ; how highly sensitive 
are its olefactory nerves to the most delicate odor ; 
what a channel to much pleasure ; what a safety valve 
to health ; how beneficiently it is stationed over the 
mouth, to guard that which we eat, and prevent us by 
its sensitiveness, from partaking of that which is un^ 
healthful and injurious. 

124 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 125 

To have a good nose and follow its guidance is the 
shortest way so enjoy good health. Yet how many 
there are who disregard this natural law of inhaling Hfe 
through these nasal ducts, but instead breathe through 
their mouths, and the dreaded diseases of catarrh, con- 
sumption, fevers and contagious diseases are brought 
upon them. The Indians, Catlin tells us, recognize 
this first principle of good health, and early train their 
children the proper use of the nose, and when care- 
lessly opened their lips were pressed together ; and he 
appends this important fact, the common disease in 
our country is almost unknown to that race. 

The nose gives beauty to the whole countenance ; it 
is poised like a cliff sheltering fair vales below. This 
foremost feature, this most conspicuous member 
of the face must be conceded by all to have some 
physiognomical significance. Suppose we destroy or 
amputate the nose, we disfigure and mar the beauty of 
the face more than the destruction of any other mem- 
ber. A well moulded nose is an unspeakable weight 
in giving symmetry , harmony and attractiveness to 
the countenance. There can be no real beauty with an 
ugly nose. A face with an ill shaped nose can only be 
redeemed by a shapely mouth below and lovely eyes 
above. 

The nose is the index finger of the mind, it points 
the natural bent of the soul ; why this is so is a mystery, 
but it is true. The nose represents the combativeness 
of the individual, the force, intensity and strength, 
which runs in the direction of the predominating 
mental faculties. It is to be well observed, however, 
no matter how shapely the nose, or to what class it 
belongs, whether Koman^ Jewish or snub, it is not indi- 



126 FACIOLOGY. 

oative of power or force, unless accompanied by other 
features, more particularly speaking, a good brow and a 
strong chin, for a short retreating chin is invariably 
the sign of weakness and indecision, it speaks of some- 
thing negative. If the nose is prominent a small chin 
is more noticeable and more significant of weakness. 
If you observe the faces of great men from portraits, 
bust or from life, you will sometimes find one with a 
weak nose, but will never discover one with a weak 
chin. 

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 

Large bony noses usually accompany the motive 
temperament, and indicate force, power, courage and 
perseverance. Great men generally possess great noses ; 
the great leaders in every sphere of life, generals, 
warriors, statesmen, orators, physicians, and criminals 
usually have large noses, for the reason that this type 
of nose represents the temperament and the elements 
in man's combination that leads on to 'greatness ; not 
because any mental power is located there. The nose 
represents the propensities more than the intellect ; the 
driving power not the thinking ; the force and strength 
rather than reason and invention. There are many 
eminent, and intellectual, and brainy men and women, 
who have small noses, but the power of their greatness 
runs in a different channel, more to the imagination 
reason, intellect, rather than the push, ambition com- 
battiveness, energy, contention and perseverance. 

Sharp pointed noses most frequently accompany the 
mental temperament, and signify the quick, clear, 
penetrating and sagacious mind. Such persons have 
quick insight and positiveness in everything the mind 
undertakes. They manifest snap, fervor, glow in all 
the functions of mind and body. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 127 

Broad noses represent the vital tejinperament and 
indicate large lungs and vital organs ; they denote great 
strength of constitution and strong animal passions. 
Persons with this type of nose usualh^ have broad base 
brains, the region of the selfish propensities, therefore 
it denotes selfishness. Narrow noses at the base 
indicate small propensities, weak lungs and feeble 
vital powers; such people have a predisposition to 
bronchial and lung diseases. 

" Small nostrils are usually an indubitable sign of unenterprising 
timidity. The open, breathing nostril, is as certain a token of sen- 
sibility, which may easily degenerate into sensuality." — Says Lavater. 

Well proportioned and symmetrical noses are about 
as rare as harmonious characters ; it should be in length 
about one-third that of the face; in breadth it should 
measure about two-thirds its length. As much as the 
nose varies from this proportion, there will be a 
variance in character. Where the nose is too broad 
for its length, as is frequently found on the faces of the 
Jews, Negroes, Chinese and the lower elements of society 
and others, the selfish and worldly minded, we find the 
propensities predominating over the higher faculties, 
and the individual characteristics and the inclination of 
the mind will be prone in that direction, selfish and 
worldly. If the opposite development is the case, not 
broad enough for its length, the person will be more 
deficient in the selfish faculties, and their character 
will be more refined, elevated, benevolent and humane. 

"The Tartars, generally, have tlat, indented noses; the negroes 
broad, and the Jews, hawk noses. The noses of Englishmen are 
seldom pointed, but generally round. If we may judge from their 
portraits, the Dutch seldom have handsome or significant noses. The 
nose of the Italian is large and energetic. The great men of France, 



128 FACIOLOGY. 

in my opinion, have the characteristic of their greatness, generally, 
in the nose, to prove which, examine the collections of portraits by 
Perrault and Morin. — Lavater. 

MENTAL TRAITS BEPEESENTED BY THE BRIDGE OF THE NOSE- 

The perpendicular length of the nose downwards to 
the tip, indicates the degree of Apprehensiveness. 
Persons with this sign excessively marked are suspicious 
and distrustful ; they always act with caution, always 
on the alert, watchful of future events, and often 
connected with a keen insight in human nature. Such 
persons have a disposition to despondency and gloom. 
Til is facial sign was a marked feature of Calvin, Knox. 
Dante and George Eliot. (Fig. 46.) 

Lavater says: " Noses much turned down are never truly 
great. They indicate thoughts and inclinations tending to earth; 
a close, cold, heartless, incommunicative disposition; often combined 
with malicious sarcasm, ill humor and hypochondriac or melancholic 
temperament." 

The length of the horizontal extension of the nose 
outward indicates the degree of inquisitiveness. When 
apprehension is small and inquisitiveness large, there 
is a tendency to turn up at tiie end, and very large, the 
nose turns up partly forming the arc of the interroga- 
tion point, and we have the sign of the interrogating 
disposition, the questioning- and inquisitive mind. When 
both apprehensiveness and inquisiveness are very large, 
the one pushing the nose out, and the other the nose 
down, causing it to project out, and makes an enlarge- 
ment aL the end of the nasal organ, has been well 
called the bottle nose. 

The height and size of the ridge of the nose is the 
part that denotes the faculty of Combativeness, power 
and strength of a person. The qualities^ bgwQverj 



BKAIXS AND FOEMS. 129 

vary, and are represented according to the location ; 
but this prominence is best studied and classified under 
three heads, i. e.^ defense, defend and attack ; or, self- 
defense, relative defense, and aggression. 

Self-defense is characterized by the anterior projec- 
tion of the nose immediately above the tip. The qual- 
ity of this prominence is defensive; when unduly large 
the person who possesses it is alwa3^s contrary, and on 
the opposite side; such people dislike interference and 
are easily provoked ; in debate they will have the last 
word ; on their own territory they would, fight to a 
finish. 

Kelative defense, or the prominence of the ridge at 
the middle of the organ, just above the sign of defense, 
represents the quality that always espouses the cause 
of others. When others' rights are encroached or 
trespassed upon they are always ready to fight in their 
behalf, especially the weak and gentler members who 
cannot defend themselves. If it accompanies a pre- 
dominating mental temperament we find one that is 
excessively irritable. 

Aggression, or the quality of attack, is indicated by 
the prominence of the upper portion of the ridge, just 
above the sign of relative defense. This type of nose 
will be mentioned later on as the Roman nose. A face 
bearing this sign prominent, as it is on the faces of 
most all generals, have a disposition to attack, to create 
war and strife. W^en possessed by a vulgar, brutal and 
ignorant type of humanity, they are constantly picking 
quarrels, pugnacious, and a menace to a communit3^ 
Such persons seldom agree with those who possess 
an}^ of the other types, but on the contrary are vexa- 
tious and unendurable. Inteilectual men possessing this 



130 FACIOLOGY. 

sign very large are continually attacking the creed, opin- 
ions and doctrines of others ; they attack persons rather 
than ideas. 

MENTAL QUALITIES INDICATED BY THE BASE. 

We will now observe the base of the nose, which 
possesses signs as numerous and qualities as significant 
as the ridge. When we study the nose in profile we 
discover that the shape of this part varies as much as 
any other portion. First let us look at the portion of 
the nose properly called the septum, which divides the 
nostrils. The downward extension of the septum indi- 
cates three qualities: (1) invention, (2) anal3^sis, (3) 
combination. 

When the anterior portion of the septam extends 
downward it indicates the faculty of discovery and 
invention. Persons with this sign prominent are noted 
for their originality in thought and action, in whatever 
course the mind pursues ; such plan for themselves. 
This inventive faculty manifests itself in many direc- 
tions, in some people in scientific discoveries ; others in 
novel inventions ; others new thoughts and ideas ; 
others new methods and customs in commercial enter- 
prises; others will be original in other ways. This 
faculty always works in the direction of the natural 
bent of the mind. 

Combination is represented by the prominence of 
the middle portion of the septum. Persons with this 
sign well marked possess the ability to combine ideas 
and words together, it facilitates the lecturer, conver- 
sationalist to discourse connectedly and \yith ease. 

When the posterior portion of the septum extends 
downward conspicuously, we have the sign of Analysis. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. • 131 

Such a one possesses the faculty of penetrating the 
constitutents of matter and things ; a desire to know 
the essence of the subject at hand. Scientists with 
analytical turn of* mind possess this sign highly 
developed. Persons who study things minutely in 
detail have it larger than those who do not. 

The breadth of the septum denotes the faculty of 
Metaphor. Persons thus marked^ have the ability to 
use metaphors fluently and use figures of speech 
freely. 

Let us now direct our gaze to the profile view of the 
wings of the.nose, which are indicative of many signs 
of character. 

The faculty of Comparison is denoted by the widen- 
ing of the anterior part of the wing of the nose where 
it joins the septum. Such individuals reason more by 
analogy, that is, by comparing one thing with another, 
than from cause to efi'ect. 

Example is a quality represented by the downward 
extension to the anterior part of the wing. It has fre- 
quently formed a perpendicular ridge on this part of 
the nose. This sign denotes the ability and desire to 
teach by example. Such people on whom it is large 
are fond of setting patterns for others to imitate. 

The faculty of Imitation gives a downward length 
to the posterior part of the wing ; when large, the 
extension at this point is long. Children who learn 
mostly by imitation have this sign larger than adults. 
Persons upon whom this sign is very large have a love 
of mimicry, and the ability to imitate the character 
and manners of others. 

The faculty of Reason is represented by the height of 
the upward curve of the wing of the nose. This sign 



132 tAOIOLOGT. 

represents the ability to reason from cause to effect; it 
is found largely developed on the faces of Plato, Dr. 
Gall and Lavater. (See figures of their faces.) 

NOSES CLASSIFIED. 

There are as many types of noses as there are peo- 
ple, but the most popular and the most practical classi- 
fication *is based on the profile view into six common 
types: 

(1) Roman, or aggressive. 

(2) Grecian, or artistic. 

(3) Jewish, or acquisitive. 

(4) Celestial, or inquisitive. 

(5) Snub. 

(6) Cogitating, or thinking. 







The Homan. The Greek. The Jewish. The Snub. The Celestial. 
Fig. 47. 

THE ROMAN. 

The Roman nose is eminently the nose of attack, as 
described heretofore ; it is the courageous, the execu- 
tive and governing nose. This type is discovered on 
all great leaders, managers and generals; all the 
famous military generals from Julius Csesar to Gen- 
eral Lee have been gifted with a nose closely related 
to this. A well-defined example of this nose is found 



BRAINS AND FORMS. " 13^ 

on the face of the Duke of Wellington, and for that 
reason it is sometimes called the Wellington nose. This 
nose is characteristic of the masterful Eoraan race, and 
hence is called the Koman. American Indians usually 
possess this type. Arabs make good warriors and 
possess this shaped nose. Saint Paul, the greatest of 
the Apostles, is pictured with a nose of this style ; 
what a persevering, invincible man he was. General 
Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, possessed 
an excellent type of the Koman, and surely he has 
shown his strenuous a,nd conquering nature. A verv 
large per cent of American statesmen have possessed 
Roman noses, some, perhaps, with slight modifications 
with the other types. Washington's face presents the 
Roman cut, and what a remarkable example of indom- 
itable physical energy, conquering and executive 
power. 

Sex greatly modifies the charm of the nose ; the 
Roman, while it is sometimes becoming to manly dig- 
nity, strength and courage, is not generally admired, 
in a pronounced cut, on the feminine face, although a 
slight bridge of the Roman has added aesthetic charm 
to some fair faces. Large masculine noses on the faces 
of women are not usually admired by men. Such 
women are manly in nature; strong, governing and 
aggressive in disposition ; the very opposite traits of 
character that man generally adores -in woman, there- 
fore women exhibiting this Roman bridge highl}^ de- 
veloped have few admirers' of the sterner sex. Man is 
the oak, woman the vine; man desires to protect, 
rather than be protected ; man loves effeminacy, ten- 
derness, vivaciousness, flippancy, the very opposite 
qualities he himself possesses. Man and woman desire 



134 FAClOLOGt. 

their counterpart, that which united to themselves 
would make them more complete. We observe effem- 
inate men as often, perhaps, as masculine women, and 
it is not strange to say, that there is a natural attrac- 
tion between a small-nosed man and a large-nosed 
v^^oman. Thus nature again asserts herself, by uniting 
these opposite types, and furnishes each with their 
counterpart, and the tendency of a marriage oi such 
selections is to harmonize the extremes in the offspring 
and produce a more perfect being. Womanly men are 
usually proud of a wife who is aggressive, strong, ex- 
ecutive, ambitious and governing, for they supply the 
very elements in which he is deficient, while, on the 
other hand, she would prefer by nature to govern than 
be governed, rather protect and aid, than receive the 
care of a man's strong right arm, there would be no 
rivalry. 

CLASSICAL OR AMERICAN. 

Noses vary in shape as do skulls, and. as much as two 
noses differ in combination, so will the characteristics 
differ in manifestation. There is a very interesting 
compound, which is made up of the Graeco-Roman 
type; so common is it that it represents a separate 
class. It is found on the typical American; it is a 
common nose in France, while the Roman is more pe- 
culiar to the English. It bespeaks less of the physical, 
but more of the mental power than the Roman ; it 
indicates culture, love of arts and letters ; it is refined 
as well as energetic. It is well represented on the face 
of Christ. 

Some of the grandest characters in all history have 
borne this type: JSTapoleon, Richelieu, Sir Walter 
Raleigh, Alexander the Great, Milton, Goethe (Fig. 34) 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 135 

and many famous Americans are examples. This is 
the most classical of noses, and is to be chosen in pref- 
erence to either the pure Greek or pure Roman. Some 
anonymous writer says : 

" It is particularly profitable to compare the noses of the great 
antagonists, Wellington and Napoleon. That of the first was purely 
Roman and that of the second, Graeco-Roman. Napoleon was 
devious and designing in his ways, and skillful in politics. Wel- 
lington went straight forward to conquer, never sparing himself. 
He was rich in saving common sense when it was a question of 
handling men for fighting purposes, but clumsy in politics. Napol- 
eon loved arts and letters ; Wellington disregarded them. Welling- 
ton was braver physically that Napoleon. It is said that the latter 
took a deep interest in nasology, remarking on one occasion : " Give 
me a man with a good allowance of nose. Strange as it may appear, 
when I want any good headwork done, I choose a man — provided 
his education has been suitable — with a long nose." 

THE JEWISH. 

The Jewish nose (Fig. 47) is most emphaticalh'' the 
commercial type, and found in its most pronounced type 
on the faces of the Hebrew people, hence its name. This 
shape of nose is not peculiar to the Jews alone, but it 
is also characteristic of the Syrians, and Ancient 
Phoenicians, as the Egyptian Obelisks disclose, and all 
these races were historically noted for their commercial 
smartness. Thisnose indicates power of acquisitiveness, 
the love of money for its own sake, the abilit}^ to get 
and the power to keep it; it denotes commercial tact 
and shrewdness. This type is found on the faces of 
most all men that are famous for their great wealth 
and commercial abilities, the Eothschilds and the 
Astors are examples, the Yanderbilts have some of 
the Roman combined with the Jewish. 

The developments of the Jewish nose when separ- 



l36 FACIOLCIGY. 

ately analyzed indicates several important signs in 
nasology. The breadth of the wings represents the 
faculty of Secretiveness, the ability to conceal, the 
power of tact, the use of policy, very essential elements 
in commercial success ; this quality is a leading feature 
of the cogitative type, to be mentioned later on. 

Immediately above this sign of Secretiveness is the 
physiognomical sign of the faculty of Acquisitiveness, 
and is indicated by the breadth of the nose above the 
wrings, opposite the sign of self-defense, and signifies 
the ability to acquire v/ealth; it is the quality that 
inspires all commercial enterprises, and plays an im- 
portant part in all human actions. This facial sign is 
also sometimes found connected with all -the other 
types of noses. 

Just above the sign of Acquisitiveness and opposite 
the ridge of relative-defense, is the sign of the quality 
of economy, the ability to save and keep what 
acquisitiveness acquires. We frequently meet people 
who have power to acquire money v^^ithout the desire 
to hoard it, the ability to get is not always associated 
with the power to keep. I have seen women who had 
ability of economy well marked, but w^as deficient in 
the power to make. 

These signs are all well displayed on the Jewish 
nose, as will be observed by its great width, when 
noticed from the front. Its perpendicular length is 
also a very noticable feature of this type, this shows 
great apprehensiveness, suspiciousness, seriousness,deep 
insight into human nature. 

The pure hawk nose is never united with true great- 
ness, magnanimous nature, exalted intellect or brilliant 
genius. It represents a worldy mind, an avaricious 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 137 

disposition, a hoarding trait. Such people are not 
"open as the day to melting charity" they do not feel 
"that it is more blessed to give than to receive." 
Tacitus speaks of avarice as being the one serious blot 
on the character of the great Vespasian, a,nd the form 
of that emperor's nose, which is more Jewish than 
Eoman, bears out the statement. The exquisite painter 
Corregio, (Fig. 21) bore the reputation of being miserly, 
and his face presents a nose of the pure Hebrew type. 
Disraeli (Lord Beaconsfield) was a great English states- 
man, a distinguished author and a Jew, but his nose 
was not a Jewish shape. 

THE CELESTIAL. 

The Celestial or Nez retrousse (Fig. 47) is the inter- 
rogating nose, denoting an inquisitive mind, the ridge of 
the nose shows the defensive quality predominating. 
This is the common type of childhood, and who asks 
more questions than children ? Adults v/ith this nose 
have innocent childlike dispositions; they also have 
strong self assertion; the bent of the nose indicates high 
and lofty aspirations. This type is very common to the 
faces of women, and is not without its. beauty. The 
snub and celestial noses are frequently confounded by 
careless observers, but they should not be for they are 
distinct. The former is a brokenlike back and turned 
up at the end, the latter has a gradual and continuous 
curve from ti p to root. It is just the reverse of that of 
the Jewish. 

Some anon3mious writer has praised the Celestial 
nose in this language: 

We confess a lurking penchant; a sort of sneaking affection which 
we cannot resist, for the celestial nose in a woman. It does not 



138 



FACIOLOGY. 



command our admiration and respect like the Greek, to wMcli we 
could bow down as to a goddess, but it makes sad work with our 
affections. The former too, is not so unbearable as in a man. It is 
a great marrer of beauty, undoubtedly; but merely regarded as an 
index of weakness, it claims our kindly consideration. Weakness 
in a woman, which is gentleness, feminancy, is excusable and rather 
lovable; while in a man it is detestable. It is woman's place to be 
supported, not to support. Hence, the classical emblem of the vine 
and the elm is felt to be beautiful and true, because it portrays ac- 
curately the natural mutual position of husband and wife. 
A celestial nose in a woman is frequently an index of wit. Wit is a 
talent not emanating from wisdom; quite the reverse. The wisest 
men are oft-times the slowest. Wisdom comes after thought, wit 
before it." 





Fig. 48. 

Virpril. Grecian Nose. 

Beautiful features. 



Fig. 49. 
Emperor Paul. Snub Nose. 



THE GEEEK. 



The Greek type, or the straio^ht nose, might properly 
be called the artistic nose (fig. 48) and is the best and 
prettiest of noses. This nose indicates an even smooth 
character ; its possessors are usually artistic, refined 
and cultured, to have a rare appreciation of the beau- 
tiful. This nose was the national type of the Grecian 
race, a people who were pioneers of art, culture and 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 139 

education ; no nation has ever displayed such a high 
standard of intellect ual development as the Greeks. 

This nose is not so courageous and aggressive as the 
Roman, not so forcible and combative ; but more fin- 
ished, cultured and refined, in taste and talent. This 
nose is found energetic in occupations that are agree- 
able to its possessor's taste, but unlike the Roman, it 
does not show force in every direction. 

This nose is most frequently found on the faces of 
poets, artists and authors ; more often on the faces of 
woman than man. It always adds aesthetic charm to 
the face of women. Some of the famous men who are 
not Greeks, Tvho have this type of nose are : Raphael, 
Titian,Yoltaire, B;^ronand Shelley. They all possessed 
great intellects and had a keen appreciation of the 
refined and beautiful. A perfect illustration of the 
Greek nose will be found on the face of the woman 
on the silver dollar of the TJ. S. 

THE SNUB. 

The Snub nose is a type unpleasant to behold, and 
unfortunate to possess ; it is a freak of nature, a kind 
of deformity; it denotes a state of undevelopment. 
The Snub is evidenced by a short, weak ridge, and a 
very abrupt turn up at the end, making an ill 
deformed and ugly appearance ; it is the most ungainly 
of all the shapes and signifies in itself but little virtue. 
It is the sign of weakness — of something negative. 
(Fig. 49.) 

The snub, however,is not incompatible with learning, 
talent and eloquence ; it is observed on the busts of 
some illustrious and eminent historical characters. 
Socrates, the father of philosophy, had a snub nose,yet 



140 FACIOLOGY. 

undoubtedly, it had been greatly modified and improved 
by profound thought and study, and patient regard to 
high moral prinoiples ; a thoughtful and moral life 
beautifies, renovates the entire man. Boerhaave and 
Rabelais possessed this type and they were truly great 
men. 

The observing Lavater remarking on this nasal type 
says : " A hundred flat snub-noses may be met with in 
men of great prudence, discretion, and abilities of 
various kinds. But when the nose is very small, and 
has inappropriate upper lip ; or when it exceeds a 
certain degree of flatness,no other feature or lineament 
of the countenance can rectify it." 

I have observed many excellent and worthy charac- 
ters in both sexes with a snubbish nose, but always 
their other features were splendid, and in a great degree 
rectified this facial deformity, especially was the fore- 
head, mouth and chin good. It is imprudent to make 
a positive estimation of character from any one feature, 
when we have the opportunity to study the whole face, 
we should particularly take into consideration the size 
and shape of the brain, the quality and temperament of 
the body, in making a fair and accurate delineation of 
the mind. 

The confirmed snub nose will be found principally in 
the lower strata of society, where virtue is a crime, 
culture unknown, refinement is wanting, ambition and 
energy a freak. It is characteristic of South Sea 
Islanders, Africans, and most of the inhabitants of 
Oriental climes, who are an indolent, worthless, low, 
ignorant people. 

Great men and good women with true snub noses 
(if any) are the exceptions rather than the rule. Where 



braIns and forms. 141 

the nose is radically bad, we may find a good intellect, 
if the forehead be cultured, but the character invaria- 
bly will be found to possess low, unrefined, rude, 
worldly tendencies, some weakness or depravity; the}^ 
will either be guilty of indolence or sensuality. Such 
people to overcome the evil pronings of their natures 
should possess the patience, indomitable will and 
supreme moral courage of a Socrates. 

True, I have met innumerable characters, smart, 
noble, intellectual, brainy and brilliant with a nose that 
presented a concave or hollow back in profile; but 
their greatness of character, true worth and ambitions 
soared in a diiferent direction from the Roman and 
Jew. Lavater further commenting on the nose says : 

"Noses which are somewhat turned up at the point, and con- 
spicuously sink in at the root (or top) under a rather perpendicular 
than retreating forehead, are by nature inclined to pleasure, ease, 
jealousy, pertinacity. At the same time they may possess refined 
sense, eloquence, benevoien. and be rich in talents." 

THE COGITATING. 

The cogitating type, is the thinking nose, and is 
indicated by a great broadening of the nostrils, slightly 
encroaching upon the cheeks, and is usually combined 
with the Greek type; but often found united with 
other styles, the other physiognomical signs usually 
being well developed. It was first designated by some 
the religious nose, because so often found on the faces 
of divines ; but continued observation disclosed the fact, 
that it could be as frequently discovered on the face of 
statesmen, scientists, diploraates, philosophers and 
great thinkers in every department of mental activity. 
But always its possessors were thinkers in some sphere, 
and were men of philosophic tendencies. Such men 



142 FACIOLOGY. 

are great meditators and have great concentration of 
thought. Their thoughts are never barren or Utopian, 
but full of flesh and moment. 

Some of the most illustrious men in all history have 
been marked with this quaUty of nose ; it is seldom 
found on women, it is the most masculine of noses. It 
is visible on the portraits of Wickliffe, Bunyan, 
Kew ton, Bacon, Cuvier, Descartes, Wesley, Franklin, 
Humboldt, Galileo, Shakespeare. We see it on the 
faces of Gladstone, (Fig. 24) Evart, Dickens, Blaine 
(Fig. 24) and other eminent characters. While all these 
great thinkers bear in common this one quality of the 
nose, they are noticeably different in other delineations. 
No great thinker ever lived without this widening of 
the nostrils well developed. Washington had this quality 
in connection with the Koman. He was able to cogitate 
and execute; to fight and to plan. Thackeray had a 
small short nose but this quality w^as well marked. 
This sign can be acquired and developed by hard study 
and continued meditation in the proper direction. 
Dante, Chaucer, Bacon, Shakespeare, developed this 
sign later in life as have many others. Many a nose> 
that is slightly on the snub order, not too much turned 
up, can be changed into a Graeco-cogitative by honest 
mental labor. Culture beautifies the nose, while 
thoughtlessness and ignorance result in the deteriora 
tion of a shapely one. It is far better to improve the 
features of the face by developing and refining the 
mind, than to submit to the skillful wizard of the 
lancet, which is hrzardous to say the least. 



THE HISTORY Or TME AOUTH. 



"I now come to the inferior part of the face, oir which nature 
bestowed a mask for the male ; and, in my opinion, not without 
reason. . Here are displayed those marks of sensuality, which ought 
to be hidden. All know how much the upper lip betokens the sen- 
sations of taste, desire, appetite, and the enjoyments of love ; how 
much it is curved by pride and anger, drawn thin by cunning, 
smoothed by benevolence, made flaccid by effeminacy ; how love 
and desire, sighs and kisses, cling to it, by indescribable traits. The 
under lip is little more than its supporter, the rosy cushion on which 
the crown of majesty reposes. If the parts of any two bodies can 
be pronounced to be exactly adapted to each other, such are the 
lips of man, when the mouth is closed." — Ancient Writer. 

" It is exceedingly necessary to observe the arrangement of the 
teeth and the circular conformation of the cheeks. The chaste and 
delicate mouth is, perhaps, one of the first recommendations to be 
met with in the common intercourse of life. Words are the pictures 
of the mind. We judge of the host by the portal. He holds the 
flaggon of truth, of love and endearing, friendship." — Ancient 
Writer. 

"Whoever internally feels the worth of this member, so different 
from every other member, so inseparable, so not-to-be defined, so 
simple, yet so various ; whoever, I say, knows and feels this worth, 
will speak and act with divine wisdom. Oh, wherefore can I only, 
imperfectly and tremblingly, declare all the honors of the mouth ; 
the chief seat of wisdom and folly, power and debility, virtue and 
vice, beauty and deformity, of the human mind; the seat of all love, 
all hatred, all sincerity, all falsehood, all humility, all pride, all 
dissimulation, and all truth ! 

Oh! with what adoration would I speak, and be silent, were la 
more perfect man! " — Lavater. 

" Other features are made for us, but we make our mouths." 
The mouth is the phonograph of the mind. The 

143 



144 FACIOLOGY. 

ever changing emotions of the mind are communicated 
to the lips. Unconsciously the student of human 
nature judges character more by the mouth than any 
other feature of the face. The mouth is the most 
accurate and positive index to character. 

Every mouth is a history. J^oblenesSj benevolence, 
kindness, love, virtue, reveal themselves in the mouth. 
Sensuality, worthlessness, stupidity and weakness 
speak loudly in the infallible truth-telling lines of this 
orifice. When speech prevaricates, the mouth will tell 
the truth. What eloquence is expressed in the mouth 
even when mute ; it makes us love or hate ; it inspires 
or depresses us ; we adore or scorn before the words 
have been uttered ; the soul expression centres here. 

The nose once formed, seldom changes, but the 
mouth keeps pace with the always changing mind. A 
life well spent will change a naturally ugly mouth into 
an expressive one. One ^vho devotes their time to 
charity, friendship and love, will cause a growing 
beauty in the mouth. The eyes lose their brightness, 
the face becomes seared with wrinkles, yet under 
these failing signs we see still a beautiful and expres- 
sive mouth. Care, culture and benevolence will ever 
modify the beauty of the mouth. The nose and fore- 
head, its bony structure speak what a man is by nature 
or what he might become, but the mouth indicates 
what he is. In the mouth we find the seat of jBrmness, 
courage, weakness, magnanimity and brutality. There 
we come in contact with love, scorn and contempt. 
Here we first recognize victory, tribulation and tempta- 
tion. No face can be called homely with a beautiful 
mouth ; no face can be called beautjfu] with an ugly 
mouth. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 145 

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.^ 

What the mouth is so is the man. Lips that are 
firm indicate a firm, resokite character; while weak 
lips bespeak a weak and wavering character. In a 
mouth where the lips are scarcely visible and look like 
a single line, we find coldness, order, precision and 
industry. If the ends of the mouth are drawn we 
discover vanity, pretension, affectation, and often 
malice. Lips that are very fleshy are accompanied by 
a sensual or indolent character. Lips that naturally 
close, that is without constraint and well proportioned 
and delineated, indicate discretion, firmness and decision 
of character; it also denotes courage and fortitude. 
A mouth where the lips part slightly, betokens frank- 
ness and candidness in character. 

LAVATER. 

'' TVell-defined, large and proportionate lips, the 
middle line of which is equally serpentine, on both 
sides, and easy to be drawn, though they may denote 
an inclination 4o pleasure, are never seen in a bad, 
mean, common, false, crouching, vicious countenance." 

"All disproportion between the upper and under 
lip, is a sign of folly or wickedness. 

The wisest and best men have well-proportioned 
upper and lower lips. 

Yery large, though well-proportioned lips, always 
denote a gross, sensual, indelicate, and sometimes a 
stupid or wicked man." 

THE Lirs. 

Lips are the facial emblems of taste and its asso- 
ciated desires and appetites. Thick lips have a greater 

10 



146 FACIOLOGY. 

capacity for taste than narrow thin ones. Lips indi- 
cate the quality of taste. Coarse lips, vulgar taste; 
delicate lips refined taste ; large lips great appetency. 
Germans usually possess strong appetites and have 
large full lips ; while the French are very choice and 
delicate in taste and have corresponding lips. The 
negro (fig. 46) has coarse lips and possesses a coarse, 
vulgar quality of taste, aud he is noted for his gusta- 
tivenesss. 

Lips that lack beauty in proportion, thatis,irregLdar 
in outline, bespeak an analagous character ; while lips 
with a fine, regular, well defined shape, have a corres- 
ponding perfection of taste and associated propensities. 
In the mouth is located a strong and delicate sense of 
touch, more acute than any other part of the face. 
The lips touch the food before it is masticated by the 
teeth or tasted by the glands in the tongue. This fine 
sense of touch in the lips of inferior animals fulfils the 
place and corresponds to the sense of touch in man's 
fingers. 

SOCIAL NATURE. 

There is life in the lips of true lovers. 

— G. Owain. 
Her lips, whose kisses pout to leave their nests. 

— Byron. 
Heart on her lips and soul in her eye. 

— Byron. 
Lips moulded in love are tremulously full of the glowing soft- 
ness they borrow from the heart, and electrically obedient to its im- 
pulse. — Grace GreeniDood. 

Once he drew 
With one long kiss my whole soul through my lips. 
Many an evening by the waters did we watch the stately ships, 
And our spirits rushed together at the touching of the lips. 

— Tennyson. 

The facial citadel of man's social affections is found 
in the red or fleshy portion of the lips. When naturally 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 147 

closed the sign is internal, and has a tendency to per- 
turb the lips when large. Dr. Redfield attributes the 
sign of fondness to the upper and kissing to the lower 
lip. The lips are the pjiysiognomical pole of the men- 
tal faculty of araativeness, located in the cerrebellum. 
InvariabW one that is amative, has plump, red lips and 
indicate a warm heart and loving disposition. But 
when the lips are excessively large it denotes a perver- 
sion of this faculty and is the sign of sensuality, bru- 
tality and licentiousness ; while a deficiency signifies 
an un affectionate nature, cold, chilly disposition, and 
have but little true love for the opposite sex. 

Young persons contemplating matrimony would do 
well to note this facial sign, and according to their own 
disposition they can choose a congenial companion in 
love. It is an infallible guide. 

The reliable facial pole for the faculty of Amative- 
ness or love is indicated by the breadth of the middle 
part of the lips. Their redness indicates present 
activity; paleness or absence of color denotes inactivity 
or sickness. When the lips are red and full, we find 
one that rs amorous and affectionate; such desire to kiss 
and be kissed. The fact that the loving function has 
its seat on the lips explains the whole philosophy of 
kissing. Kissing is not a mere arbitrary sign, but the 
natural language of the affections. 

The faculty of Friendship has its physiognomical sign 
indicated in the red of the lip by its wrinkles. When 
the trait is largely developed the lines converge, 
and small when the lines are straight. Persons in 
whom this sign is large easily make friends and are 
themselves indeed true friends. One may possess love 
and affection and yet have but little friendship. 



FACiOLOG-Y. 

Friendship is one of the sweetest powers of the mind ; 
around its shrine cling the richest blessings of life. 

Small curved lines or furrows, slightly backward 
from the corners of the mouth, represent the facial 
sign of hospitality, which is closely allied to friend- 
ship. These wrinkles are very faint in composure, 
but very conspicuous when the person meets a friend. 
The host or hostess who wears these emblems of 
hospitality entertain because they love to, while those 
who do not possess them entertain for vanity and 
custom. 

Jealousy, the great parasite of love, is indicated in 
facial expression by an oblique fullness on each side of 
the lower lip, running towards the corners. There is 
no true love without jealousy, yet jealousy often 
exists without love. Pride causes jealousy. It is fre- 
quently found without cause or provocation. Where 
circumstances are such that jealousy is constantly 
aroused into activity, we wall discover a swelling as is 
described on each side of the lower lip under the red 
part. 

Contempt, a close associate of jeal- 
ousy, is on the face a very near 
neighbor, and is indicated bya protrud- 
ing of the middle of the lower lip ; 
when very large causes a swelling in 
the lip between the two signs of 
jealousy. 

"He who has contempt on his lips, has no love 
in his heart. 

He, the ends of whose lips sink conspicuously and obliquely 
downwards, has contempt on his lips and is devoid of love in his 
heart — especially when the under lip is larger and more projecting 
than the upper." Lavater. 




Urains and iokms. 149 

Scorn, the brother of contempt, is marked by a 
drawing upwards of the integument of the chin. 
When both these signs are large it causes a transverse 
wrinkle betw^een the lip and chin, — Many otherw^ise 
beautiful faces have I observed, but distorted and 
marred by these depraving traits and signs of scorn 
and contempt. When the child expresses the feeling 
of contempt, notice his protruding under lip. Man, 
beware of the small, little passions, as they seem, for 
they greatly disfigure your divine features. Such use- 
less habits change the style of nature, distort and 
make ugl}^ 






Fig. 10. 
Approbativeness. Love of Distinction. Firmness. Self-esteem. 

The mental faculty of Approbativeness or Ambition 
has its physiognomical pole in the curl or slight lifting 
of the upper lip. Persons on whom this sign is large 
like to shine well in society. They love popular ap- 
plause ; they are ambitious to obtain distinction, name 
or notoriety for some ability in some way, depending 
essentially the direction the mind is proned and capable 
of leading. Such, love reputation as a priceless jewel, 
and regard public opinion as a sacred possession. 
When this sign is, excessively large and perverted there 
is a selfish desire to lead and outshine others. Nor- 
mally acting, this faculty is the golden link that holds 



150 PACIOLOGY. 

society together, and makes man and woman We a 
good reputation and regard public opinion. 

Self-esteem, an important mental faculty, has its 
facial pole represented by the full stiffness of the middle 
of the upper lip. This faculty, so generally misunder- 
stood, is one of the grandest powers of the mind, and 
is one of the chief essentials to success in any calling in 
life. It confers the very elements that insure success ; 
it gives self-confidence, self-reliance, self-control, 
dignity, the power to manage and lead; but when 
erverted its action is detestable and almost intolerable 
— it causes one to be conceited,egotistical, authoratative, 
domineering and overbearing. But normally acting it 
make one possessor of himself. 

Dissatisfaction is denoted by drawing the lip back- 
wards and downwards. Such persons are never 
theatrical, but are natural in all they say and do, and 
should pass for what they seem. 

Complacenc}^ is represented by a long muscle passing 
from the corner of the mouth to the arch of the cheek 
bone. 

Cheerfulness is indicated by a muscle in front of the 
sign of complacency, from the corners of the mouth 
upwards to the clieek, drawing the corners of the mouth 
upwards in that direction. 

Gloominess, the opposite of cheerfulness, has its facial 
sign by drawing o^ depressing them slightly downwards. 
It gives a sad, dejected expression to the countenance. 

Gravity is a quality marked by an exaggeration of the 
sign of gloominess, by drawing the corners of the mouth 
downwards so that it lengthens the breadth of the 
upper lip. Gladstone has a grave expression, (fig. 24.) 

Simplicity of character is evidenced in the face by a 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



151 



curve in the corners of the mouth upwards and towards 
the nose. Persons noted for their simplicity of nature 
have this sign large. 

Envv is designated by a curve in the lower lip. 
Persons in whom this sign is large, feel that people are 
more often distinguished 
from circumstances 
station than from 
merit and abilitv. 

Envy to which the ignoble 

mind is a slave 
Is emulation in the noble 

and the brave. 

— Pope. 

Let us direct our obser- 
vation now to the white 
portion of the upper lip, 
which displa3"s several sig- 
nificant faculties. 

Concentrativeness is in- 
dicated by the length of 
the middle line of the 
white surface of the upper lip, when large it sometimes 
encroaches upon the red part of the lip. Such persons 
observe in detail and take into consideration little 
things that are ordinarily overlooked. It gives a mas- 
culine appearance to the mouth. It is seldom found 
on woman. 

Comprehensiveness is found on each side of concen- 
trativeness. It denotes the ability to- take broad and 
liberal views of subjects and things. 

The faculty of Continuity or application is discovered 
outward from comprehensiveness. It marks the ability 




Fig.sS- 

\. Concentrativeness. 7. Patriotistn. _ 
a. Comprehension. 8. Cosmopolitanism. 
'3. Application^ i 

4. Gravity. '- -^ 

5. Love of Travel; 
.6. Love of,. Home. 



a. Clearness. 
*. Prectsioni 

c. CheerfijlneSs. 

d. Love; 



152 faciologV. 

to apply the mind steadily to a subject to a finish. It 
is large usually in soientilic men and writers. 

Turning our attention now to the white surface of 
the lower lip. Love of travel is represented by the 
length of the middle of the lower lip. Persons on 
whom this sign is well marked have a wandering dis- 
position. 

The faculty of Inhabitativeness, the love of home 
and country are located side by side and immediately 
opposite comprehensiveness and application and give 
width and fullness to the lip in that location. To such 
persons home is the dearest spot on earth, however 
humble, to them it is yet home. They desire a place 
where they can live, learn and enjoy. They are 
patriotic, love their country, and are loyal and faithful 
citizens. Such persons are ready to defend their coun- 
try's principles and rights. 

Magnanimity is opposite the sign of gravity. Dr. 
Eediield has called it cosmopolitanism. It gives a 
magnificent expression to the mouth. It indicates 
purity and nobleness. It is evidenced by a pushing out 
of the nether lip upon the upper. The face of Wash- 
ington has this sign well marked. 



The Facial Poles or Health and 
Disease. 



" Health and beauty are boon compamons." * 
" Health's crowning beauty-glow on cheek and lip." 
" Let not your nose blush for the sins of your mouth." 

One of the most interesting studies in " Faciology " 
are the signs of health and disease. The face is not 
only the looking-glass of man's mental calibre and 
worth, but it is the thermometer of our physiologies; 
the condition of the body as well as the mind have 
their physiognomical signs on the countenance. What 
marvelous accuracy each variation of the vigor and 
tone of our constitution registers its strength and 
power on the face. The eyes, lips, cheeks, nose, com- 
plexion, all the features, tell the ever changing symp- 
toms of the physical natures. The brain, liver, kidneys, 
lungs, heart, stomach, all have their separate facial 
seats ; all the different functions of the body are 
represented in the formation of the face. The laws of 
temperaments are'as readable from the features as the 
whole physiognomy. The Motive temperament is 
expressed by large noses and bony, angular faces, and 
denotes great endurance and physical strength; the 
Vital temperament is indicated by full cheeks, fleshy 
noses, ruddy complexion, bright eyes; this shows great 
recuperative powers, good digestion and strong lung 
action; the Mental temperament, face is broader at top, 
cheeks thin, there will be a look of refinement and 
culture ; this signifies mental activity and power, but 
physical weakness. 

The dermatologist and face specialist may do much 

153 



154 J^ACiOLOGY. 

in beautifying the face, by giving temporary aids, but 
the only and sure remedy for physical beauty is health, 
and to attain this should be every one's highest duty. 
If the lungs are strong and digestion weak, the face 
will indicate it, mce versa ; the stomach and lungs may 
be strong, but if the heart is feeble, circulation is poor, 
and the face is deformed ; all the organs may be 
strong and splendid, but if the blood is impure, the 
complexion is first to tell it ; any disease of the nervous 
system affects all the others, therefore makes the face 
look more wretched and changed that the abuse of any 
other organ. 

The drinker, glutton, smoker, prostitute, scars and 
mars the wax work of the countenance in proportion 
as their indulgences become excessive. The expres- 
sions of the various dissipators differ according to the 
organs injured ; the opium fiend can be distinguished 
from the one addicted to the liquor habit ; the cigarette 
fop from the gormandizer ; the drunkard from the 
glutton. All facial degeneracy has its cause mental or 
physical ; to improve and perfect the face we must 
remove the cause. 

The Digestive functionary, or the faculty of alimen- 
tativeness, has its physiognomical pole on the cheek 
between the corners of the mouth and the lower part 
of the ear, in the middle of the cheeks opposite the 
molar teeth. When this region of the face is full it 
indicates naturally good digestion; when sunken at 
this location we observe constitutional dyspeptics. 
This digestive pole is frequently deficient on the 
faces of students and literary men, caused from over- 
taxing the brain at the expense of other vital 
organs, from sedentary occupations and the want of 



BRAINS AND FOKMS. 155 

proper exercise. It usually accompanies the mental 
and motive temperaments. 





FIGrRE51. FIGUBE52. 

Stomach very Strong. Stomach weak. 

David Hume. He could partake Gustavus III, King of Sweden 
of a hearty meal, and immed- who suffered several years with 
lately apply himself to severe dyspepsia, 
mental labour, without ex- 
periencing the least inconven- 
ience. 

Large language is indicated 
by his full eyes. Perception and 
literary or Retentive faculties 
are very large. Strong affec- 
tionate nature is evidenced by 
the mouth. 

The capacity of the Lungs is evidenced in the face by 
the size of the ridge between the nose and cheek bones. 
This sign is particularly observable in laughter, the 
larger the muscle the less tendency there is to con- 
sumption, the thinner and smaller the more predisposed 
the individual is to lung diseases. Experience and 
observation has learned us that polarity of the lungs is 
obviously connected with the face as above described. 
It is where the roses of health bud and blossom, and 
where the hectic flush appears in the consumptive. The 
cheek at this particular point corresponds to the con- 
dition of the lungs; rosy when they are in a healthy 
condition. 



156 



FACIOLOGY. 




riGUiiE 51. 
Consutntionaldy.spf^ptic; 
circulatiou good. Lung pow- 
er weak. 



FIGURE ?>i. 

Circulation pooi 
and digestion good. 



lungs 



Circulatory system, the heart, veins and arteries, has 
its facial pole in the fullness of the chin. A large, 
broad chin indicates a strong heart and circulatory 
power, animal strength and passional nature. A weak 
chin denotes slow circulation and feeble passions. The 
heart of such persons beats slow and irregular ; instead 
of the blood running to the extremities to build up the 
bodies, it congests in the vital organs. Such persons 
are easy prey to disease ; they experience cold extrem- 
ities, hands and feet, and unable to withstand the cold. 
People who have this facial sign well developed have 
full, round chin, their circulation is regular, extremities 
warm, ruddy complexion, bright eyes, possess vigor in 
mind and body, and can stand cold and are less liable 
to sickness. 

Mr. Fowler, in Human Science, says : " This polarity 
shows why and how all the minutest shading and 
phases of health conditions report themselves in the 
face ; that is why the countenance of all proclaim so 
perfectly all the bodily conditions, including their pre- 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



16t 



cise states of health and disease, and thereby inciden- 
tally showing why a good complexion is a paramount 
condition of beauty, and beauty a sign of lovableness 
because it indicates normality and purity." 

It is not the purpose of this chapter to give an 
extensive professional treatise on dmgnosis ov prognosis^ 
but merely the signs of health and disease that are 
always observable and readily recognized. These facial 
poles represent the great vital systems of the human 
physiology, and all other facial signs and symptoms are 
but variations and shadings of these primary poles. These 
signs cannot fail to be interesting to allpractical observers 

The face is the index where the physician observes 
to obtain a correct diagnosis of the health and disease of 
the patient. These physiognomical signs are infallible. 

THE CHEEK. 

Let lis now turn 
our attention to the 
bony formation of the 
cheek, having thus 
far briefly considered 
the muscular portion. 

An angular face 
with prominent cheek 
bones usually accom- 
panies a Motive tem- 
perament, and indi- 




Fia. 56. 



and well. How 



the sick 
»g-noinies tell their condi 



Face to face, 
well their phj-sic 
tions. The prints of transgression are 
clearly indicated on the face of the first; 
the blossoms of a temperate life bloom on 
the other's countenance. 



cates an 
executive 
bative 
Many of 



energetic, 
and com- 
character. 
the most 



heroic men and wom- 
en have possessed the 



158 FACIOLOGT. 

square upper face, great warriors, the natures that love 
the clash of arms, the din of battle; great surgeons who 
have carved their names out of disease and deformity. 

The faculty of Destructiveness is indicated by the 
breadth of the face over the molar bones or the prom- 
inence of the cheeks. The width of the face at this part 
corresponds to the size of the skull just over the ears 
where the organ of this faculty is located in the brain. 
Indians have large cheek bones and broad through the 
face here, have also very large Destructiveness. This 
faculty is also indicated by the relative positions of the 
upper and lower jaws ; when the upper jaw extends 
out over the lower, it denotes large destructiveness, 
this sign is well marked on all carniverous animals and 
birds, as lions, tigers, rats, woodchucks, eagles, hawks, 
etc., that live upon the destruction of inferiors ; while 
all graniverous animals, as the sheep, cows, horses, etc., 
have small destructiveness and the lower jaw extends 
out even or beyond the upper. 

Cheeks well delineated, clearly carved, hardly out- 
lined through the muscles, indicates more refinement, 
culture and intelligence. Where the malar or cheek 
bone is prominent under the external angle of the eye 
we have the sign that indicates the faculty of protec- 
tion. Dr. Redfield says one with this sign large likes 
to have good fences around his premises, is fond of 
stone walls and fortifications and if a general or public 
man he will pay considerable attention to national de- 
fenses. This sign is found large on the faces of our 
great engineers, military leaders and surgeons. The 
Chinese have It largely developed and their empire is 
walled in; Egyptians, the great pyramid builders, have 



BKAINS AND FORMS. 159 

this indication prominent; it is also found large on 
the faces of Indians. 

Prominence or fullness of the orbitar process of the 
eye characterizes the wave motion. Graceful dancers 
and walkers, lovers of wave motion, swing amusements, 
riding on rough seas etc., possess this feature highly 
marked. Spanish dancers have it unusually large; the 
French and Italians have it large; the Spaniards who 
are noted for their graceful carriage and wave motion 
dances, have it very large. 

The prominence of the malar bone immediately 
under the eye denotes the sign of watchfulness. Napo- 
leon who has the sign very large, it is related of him 
to have taken only five hours out of the twenty-four 
for sleep. Doctors, nurses, watchmen, generals, com- 
manders usually possess this sign highly developed. 
One who has this sign la.rge can do with less sleep than 
one who has it deficient. 

Where the malar process projects downward from 
the sign of protection we discover the sign of love of 
rest, the natural language of this faculty is noted when 
we rest the head on the elbow, the hand rests on this 
point. In sleep it is very common for the person on 
whom it is large to place his hand between this sign 
and the place on the pillow on which he rests. 

Love of repose is located a little outward from the 
sign of love of rest, and indicates a great fondness for 
rocking chairs, cushions and lounges. 



Character A\anifestcd by the 
Chin. 



Mark you, when you speak to her, 
The amorous movement of her chin — 
That fair round chin. 

—Old Play. 

There is no feature of the face of greater physiog- 
nomical value than the chin, and yet its real worth 
is so commonly slighted. The chin represents the 
fundamental and permanent traits in the character. 
Passing thoughts and emotions of the mind have little 
or no effect on its solid formation. Education, culture 
and circumstances leave less effect upon its architecture 
than upon any other feature of the face. The chin 
once formed is fixed and unchangeable, its signs are 
reliable and permanent, and for this reason it must 
have great physiognomical value in estimating the 
real and original traits of character. 

The chin, analogously speaking, is to the face what 
the foundation is to the house, and to be good must be 
in harmony, symmetrical and in proportion to the 
superstructure, the whole countenance. Where this is 
not the case, appearances indicate the fact that there is 
internal discord, disproportion, inharmony and unstable 
basis. 

AMATIVENESS AND CEREBELLUM. 

It is a fact worthy of note that the chin is related in 
formation to the small brain or the cerebellum, The 

160 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 161 

breadth of the cerebellum is' indicated by the width of 
the jaws between the angles. The length of the cere- 
bellum corresponds to that of the jaw, from angle to 
the front of the chin. The cerebellum is the seat of 
amativeness, man's affectional nature, therefore we 
judge from this facial pole, the chin, the degree 
of the development of this faculty and its power. In- 
variably we j&nd a small cerebellum with a weak chin. 

The chin represents both the love function and the 
will power. Animals, properly speaking, have no for- 
mation that we can call a chin, yet they are amative 
and possess a small cerebellum ; but their love is simply 
a blind passion, which manifests itself periodically, and 
the absence of a chin indicates that this instinct is not 
controlled by the will. Natural idiots have retreating 
and feeble chins — and very small cerebellums — as their 
face and heads always indicate. If an idiot ever man- 
ifests love, it is simply an impulse, as in the case of 
animals. 

The most prolific races of men, as the Germans, 
Irish, Scotch, English, and all the Anglo-Saxons have 
all, as races, well developed chins and corresponding 
cerebellums ; while the races that are less prolific, as 
the Chinese, Hindoos, Malays, Japanese and most 
Oriental races, have much smaller chins and cerebel- 
lums. A weak chin is a very noticeable deficiency on 
the faces of North American Indians, and manifesta- 
tions of love are seldom noticed from either sex. Eth- 
nologists w4io have lived among them and studied 
their habits and characters tell us that an Indian fam- 
ily seldom consists of more than two or three children. 

Man's loving nature in its different manifestations is 
displayed in the chin, and indicated by the length of 



162 FACIOLOGT. 

the anterior and lateral projection of the chin forward 
from the angle of the jaw. 

Pointed chins desire a congenial, agreeable lover, 
and will often sacrifice their life in single blessedness, 
then marry one that does not exactly suit. 

Indented chins have a strong desire to be loved ; it 
signifies strong parental love and a sunny nature. 
This sign is frequently found on man. In woman it is 
the sign of a coquette. 

Square, ISTarrow chin indicates a desire to love. 
People wdth this type of chin frequently do not marry 
their equals, but often give their love as a favor. 
Rank, w^ealth, station is not the object of their affec- 
tions. They desire to promote the good of those who, 
for lack of personal charms have few admirers. 

Broad, Square chin is the masculine form, and 
seldom found on w^oman. This character sign shows 
ardent devotion ; such persons love with jealousy, often 
distrustful and violent, often love to desperation. 

Broad, Round chin is the sign of constancy and faith- 
fullness in love. Found most frequently on the faces 
of women. Such are usually faithful to their wedded 
vows, and seldom cause occasion for separation. 

THE WILL, EXPRESSED BY THE CHIN. 

The power of the will, in its many directions, is man- 
ifested in the downward extension of the chin and jaw. 

Downward extension of the middle of the chin, as 
shown, represents the power of engrossment or the 
ability of confining the mind on a subject and not 
allow the thoughts and imagination to soar astray. 
Such persons are qualified to study material things and 
the physical sciences — usually found large on the faces 
of great anatomists, physiologists and surgeons. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



163 




Charles XII of Sweden, 
authority large. 



Sign of 

(fig- 



Downward of the jaw, just 
forward of the angle, indi- 
cates resolution. It is nearly 
akin to perseverance, and 
they usually accompany each 
other. It represents the 
ability to carry out whatever 
is resolved. This sign is large 
on the faces of Cassar, l^apol- 
eon and Jackson. 

Closely related to resol- 
ution is the love of responsi- 
bility, and is indicated by a 
downward extension of the 
jaw just below the ear. Such 
people love to show and display their authority. 
•57.) 

On each side of the chin under the canine teeth we 
observe the sign of self-control or self-will. When large 
there is a downward extension at this point. Such 
persons have strength and moral fixedness of charac- 
ter, a concentration of purpose, however its effects, 
selfish or benevolent. There can be no great character 
without a good degree of self-will. 

Downward extension of the middle of the jaw indi- 
cates perseverance. It is the never rest-until-accomp- 
lished faculty. It is one of the best faculties of the 
will. 

A fullness under the chin, or what is generally called 
a double chin, denotes economy. Such people are 
thrifty and frugal. This sign is found on the faces of 
both sexes, and it is especially noticeable on economists 
and bankers, etc. Franklin had this sign highly 



164 FACIOLOaY. 

marked. His maxims illustrate his economy and fru- 
gality. It is a very pleasing feature on both the faces 
of man and woman.- 

Breadth in the central portion of the jaw indicates 
the love of physical beauty. Such persons are idola- 
ters of physical charms and liable to sensuality. Its 
legitimate and proper manifestation is caressing, fond- 
ling and gratifying the love in beholding the object 
loved. 

Breadth of the jaw backward — from this sign is the 
mark of insane love, and indicates uncontrollable and 
excessive amativeness. Women, beware of men with 
this sign large. 



The Hair and What it Indicates. 
The Crown or Glory." 



<<' 



"Her head was bare but for the native ornament of the hair, 
which, in a simple knot, was tied above — sweet negligence, unheeded 
bait of love." — Dryden. 

•'Her sunny locks hang on her temples like a golden fleece." 

— Shakespeare 
"Hissilver hairs will purchase us a good opinion and buy men's 
voices to command our deeds." — Sliakespeare. 
"Gray hairs are death's blossoms." — Schiller. 

" Robed in the long night of her dark hair." — Tennyson 

"The hair is the finest ornament women have. Of old, virgins 
used to wear it loose, except when they were in mourning." — Luther 

" The same may be observed of the hair, from the parts and posi- 
tion of which conclusions may be drawn. Why has the negro 
wooly hair? The thickness of .the skin prevents the escape of cer. 
tain of the particles of perspiration, and these render the skin 
opaque and black; hence the hair shoots with difliculty, and 
scarcely has it penetrated before it curls and its growth ceases. The 
hair spreads according to the form of the skull and the position of 
the muscles, and gives occasion to the physiognomist to draw con- 
clusions from the hair to the position of the muscles, and to deduce 
other consequences." — Ancient. 

The hair is nature's chief orDament and decoration 
to the dome of domes, the haman head. What tlie 
hair does to change and modify the aesthetic value of 
the human face words cannot estimate. Anala^^ouslv 
speaking the hair is to the human form what the leaves 
and blossoms are to the trees and plants ; what the 
trees and plants are to the earth. To rob the young 

165 



166 FACIOLOGt* 

maid of her golden fleece, this silky mantel, the wavy, 
ebony locks, would deprive her of her richest drapery, 
her fairest charm, cupid's daintiest bait. To amputate 
the flowing bangs from off the brow of the dude you 
take his life. 

The eyes are the portals of thought and intellect ; the 
mouth speaks of taste, love and worth ; the chin firm- 
ness and affection ; the forehead announces that man 
is the embryo of a God ; the shapely undulations of the 
body indicate grace and power, but the hair, which 
does not speak, and to which sensitiveness has been 
denied, cannot lie ; it manifests truly the character of 
the man. The hair may multiply a hundred fold every 
other beauty, of every other feature, and hide in its 
infinite labyrinths as much poetry as one is capable of 
expressing and creating. 

What an elegant garment to clothe the throne room 
of the soul, give it tem^perature and protect it from 
injury. So beautiful, so soft and silk}^, yet how well 
it fulfils its office. Even after this castle of the soul 
has been laid to rest these rich fleecy locks continue to 
spread and form a rich canopy to cover our raoulder- 
ino" remains. The hair alone looks beautiful when all 
other charms are dead. 

HOW THE HAIR GROWS. 

" The ancients held that the hair is a kind of excres- 
cence, fed only with excremetitious matters, and no 
proper part of the living body. They added, that the 
hair does not grow by means of a, juice circulating 
within it, as in other parts of the body, but like the 
nails, by juxtaposition. The hair does truly live, 
however, though it must be admitted that its growth is 
of a different kind from that of the rest of the body. 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 167 

and is not immediately derived therefrom, or reciproca- 
ted therewith. It derives its food from juices in the 
body, but not from the same juices which nourish the 
body, hence it may live and thrive though the body 
be starved. 

'' Wulferus, in bis ^ Philosophical Collections,' gives 
an account of a woman buried at ^uremburg, whose 
grave was opened forty- three years after the death, 
when hair was found issuing from the coffin. The 
cover being removed, the whole corpse appeared in its 
perfect shape, but from the crown of the head to the 
foot, covered with a thick coat of hair, long and curled. 
Several other instances of this post mortem growth are 
recorded.^ — S. i?. Wells. 

INDICATIONS OF CHARACTER. 

What a mantel of fashion is the hair. It bends to 
a thousand caprices of the taste. What an infinite 
variety of assthetic combinations it makes with the 
features. How it is braided, curled, crimped, waved 
and tied to suit and harmonize with the formations 
of the head, and bring forth new beauties and effects. 
What a variety of pictures it will make out of one 
face. 

The eyes are permanent and fixed ; the nose has its 
imposing shape ; the lips their eloquent expression ; but 
the hair is living matter, yielding with infinite docility 
to the will, taste, desire, art, style and fashion. It has a 
perennial growth, giving beauty warmth, protection 
and the language of the mind. Thankful and happy 
many people should feel that nature has given them 
just such a cover to hide and disguise their mental 
deformities and hide from view their ill-shaped brains. 

Different nations attribute different importance to 



168 FACIOLOGY. 

the hair. The hair is the only reliable feature to 
determine the race and nationality of a person. 

" Dark hair, as a general rule, prevails in southern 
countries, and light hair in more temperate latitudes. 
There are many exceptions to this rule, howe^^er, to 
explain which would take us too far into the domains 
of ethnology. Among the Americans and the English 
brown hair of various shades predominates ; among the 
Germans, sandy, flaxen and yellow hair; among the 
French, dark brown and black; amono: the Spanish, 
black; among the Eussians, light hair, of various 
shades; and among the Poles and Hungarians, dark 
liair."— A^. R. Wells. 

Abundance of hair signifies good animal strength 
and functional power ; a thin growth ; weak con- 
stitutional strength. Coarse hair is found only 
on persons with a coarse, rough make-up of 
body, and characterizes a corresponding rough, 
unpolished, uncouth and unrefined mind; it 
also indicates physical power and endurance. In- 
dians, savages, barbarians and cowboys possess this 
strong, coarse hair. People with this kind of hair are 
best contented with rough, hard w^ork, employing their 
physical functions ; they are unfit by nature for men- 
tal, close, or sedentary occupations. Animals that have 
the coarsest hair are always the most powerful and the 
most savage, as the lion, bear and tiger. 

" Hair parting naturally in the middle and falling 
over the temples, as it generally does in w^omen and 
sometimes in men, indicates the feminine element, and 
in man symmetry and beauty of soul — genius of a 
certain kind, which implies the feeling of the woman 
combined with the tliougld of the man. It is a very 



BRAINS AND FOEMS. 109 

commoi characteristic among poets and artists, as seen 
in Homer, Virgil, Shiakespeare, Milton, Goethe, Dante, 
Eaphael, Titian, Burns, Keats, Mozart, Longfellow, 
and many others. In pictures of Christ, and other 
highly-refrned, exalted and beautiful characters, this 
peculiarity is always introduced by the artist." — S. R. 

Fine hair, a fine mind. The quality of the hair is 
indicative of the quality of the constitution throughout. 
Soft, fine hair is found only on persons of refinement,, 
culture, sensitiveness and delicacy ; they are usually 
found in mental occupations, as writers, lecturers, 
editors, teachers, etc. This hair accompanies the mental 
temperament. Fine haired animals, as the deer, horse, 
hare, fox, dog, beaver, etc., are usually gentle, tame, 
and the most intelligent ; they do not possess the 
great physical powers of the coarse-haired animals. 

" Black curly hair," says Lavater, " will never be 
found on the delicate, tender, medullary head." It 
denotes an uneven, versatile disposition and character ; 
black, straight, stiff hair indicates great application 
and a strong character; smooth, shining hair signifies 
self-consistency and even character. 

Curls denote specialties, snap, vivacity, variety of 
traits, impulsiveness. Soft, fine brown hair is found 
only on persons of excellent minds and intellectual 
tendencies. 

Red hair is indicative of ardour, passion, quickness 
of temper, and accompanies a sanguine- vital tempera- 
ment. 

Auburn hair denotes delicacy and refinement, and 
in cultured persons it indicates fine moral and 
intellectual susceptibilities. 



Wrinkles. 



THE TELATJTOGEAPH OF THE MIND. 

Wrinkles on the brow are the imprints of exploits. — Racine. 

Times irreparable footprints. — Eugene Sue. 

Wrinkles are beauty's deathlines. — J. L. Basford. 

Wrinkles on his forehead are the marks which his mighty deeds 
have engraved there and still indicate what he was in former 
days. — Corneille. 

Wrinkles are the footprints which marks the path- 
way of the mind's actions ; the flowers of activity , the 
scars of usefulness ; the traces of experience ; the signs 
of time. Wrinkles are the blossoms of old age, yet we 
find them budding on youthful faces. All mental 
states, traits, conditions, sensations, emotions and feel- 
ings, record their labor in their own handwriting on 
the register of the face. Study, thought, jo3^ happi- 
ness, anger, pride, grief, prosperity, contentment, 
humiliation, print their experiences on the countenance 
in unmistakable characters. Habitual traits of char- 
acter stamp their exploits indelibly upon the features 
of the face. Where happiness has always reigned the 
face naturally assumes a joyous, pleasant and happy 
appearance. If anger has continually clouded the 
spirits the lines of the brow will tell it. An intellec- 
tual life give traces of thoughtfulness. If grief, sor- 
row and adversity has been a person's lot how per- 
fectly the face proclaims it. If one has led a life of 
active benevolence and charity how the wrinkles of 

170 



BRAI^iS AND FORMS. 171 

the forehead and expressions of the mouth will indi- 
cate it, and so all mental emotions make their mark. 

To prevent the occurence of wrinkles we would have 
to place a damper on the action of the mind, for what 
the mind does the face must manifest. The more 
emotional the mind is, the more crevices and lines will 
be found in the face. All wrinkles do not mar the 
aesthetic value of the countenance, on the contrary 
some enhance it, while others have disastrous effects. 
It depends of course upon what traits produce 
them. All noble and intellectual traits entwine about 
the face vines of beauty, but all low, sensual, brutal 
and animal propensities sear and blemish and make 
ugly the loveliest features. 

Babies and children usually have smooth faces devoid 
of wrinkles, because their minds have not yet been 
seriously brought into activity. Adults, who have 
infant faces, smooth and waxy, have had few adven- 
tures ; performed few noble deeds ; suffered but little 
adversity , experienced but little trouble and anxiety ; 
used but little mental energy. It is a feeble indication 
to see a face without its positive sigus of utility. 
Experience and events more fitly mark the duration of 
time than hours or years, or as Bacon says : 

Oae may be old in hours but young in years if he has lost no 
time. 

Some will look more matured at twenty than others 
at forty, and if we would trace their lives we would 
discover that they had lived as long in reality. The 
lines of the face records the life's career. A man will 
be old or young as his face testifies, no matter what his 
age. 

The wrinkles of the face expressing definite traits of 

12 



172 S'ACIOLOGY. 

character are numerous, many of which I have given 
under different heads. The lines made by the rauscles 
surrounding the eyes indicate the love of truth; the 
wrinkles curving upwards from the outward corners of 
the eyes is the sign of personal truthfulness or probity. 
Dr. Redfield says that such persons always keep their 
promise. The wrinkles curving downward from the 
outward corners of the eyes indicate the mirth, love of 
fun and laughter. A sack-like fulness uuder the eyes 
is the sign of large and active faculty of language, 
the power of expression. Persons marked thus, tell 
what they know fluently; have good command of lan- 
guage; express their thoughts easily. 

Where there is one perpendicular line running in 
the middle of the space between the brows is the sign 
of closeness, exactness and strict honesty in little 
money matters. I know a doctor with this mark who 
would argue with a drayman for half an hour over 
tvfenty-five cents, and yet he was noted for his gener- 
osity in matters of deep concern. Two lines on each 
side of the space between the eyebrows demand justice 
in others; while three lines or more, indicate a disposi- 
tion to apply justice to one's self. These signs are very 
common and well established. 

The wrinkles horizontally across the root of the 
nose is a sign of love of command, and found usually 
on generals, teachers, and persons who are fond of ex- 
ercising authority. 

Irregular, confused wrinkles on the forehead, are the 
signs of a tendency to puzzle-headedness; deep, angular 
wrinkles indicate mental worry and irritability. O bserve 
a person in these conditions of mind at the brow and you 
readily see how these lines are produced, if the mind 



BKAINS AXD iOKMS. 173 

is habitually in that state. The wrinkles running 
across the forehead horizontally signifies active benev- 
olence ; when these lines are continued at the outer 
edge and curve down we have the indication of active 
hope. Lines running parallel across the upper part of 
the brow denote an active intellect and clearness in 
thought. A lineless forehead is indeed a bad sign. 



Natural Language op the Mental 
Taculties. 



" Suit the action to the word, and the word to the action." 

— Sliakespeare . 

"A man may be known by his look, and one that hath under- 
standing by his countenance, when thou meetest him. A man's 
attire and excessive laughter and gait show what he is, — Ecclesiasti- 
cus xix: 29, 30. 

The character of an individual should be observed 
and studied in a more comprehensive sense, than a 
mere glance of the eye, the expression of the mouth, 
the delineation of the nose, the peculiar formation of 
the chin, the capacity of the forehead, the form of the 
cranium, the shape of the body; but we should note 
the poise of the head, the attitude and bearing of the 
body, the movements of the arras and legs, the walk, 
the laugh, the language, the voice, the clothes, observe 
the man all in all; everything from hair to toes reveal 
something of the person; all that one does is the out- 
ward expression of the inner man; it is the straws that 
indicate the direction of the wind more than big things ; 
the leaves and branches truly represent the real 
character of the tree, so too the details, the little things 
and actions, work as a cipher to unravel man's entire 
character. ^' A man is judged by his fruits." 

''Each faculty, sentiment and propensity of the 
human mind has its natural language — is capable of 
being translated into action, the most impressive dialect 

174 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 



175 



Physiognomy 



known to man, and the one most readily and univer- 
sially understood," says Mr. Wells in his work on 

^' :N'ew 



When opportunity 
permits, without intru- 
sion or impertinence, 
observe two or more 
young society belles in 
animated conversation, 
perhaps " after the ball 
is over " study closely 

'f their facial expression ; 

I how each gesture cor- 
responds to the prevail- 
ing thought ; how the 
word suits the action 




Fig. 58. 
Animated Conversation. 



and the action the word. Whenhatred takes possession of 
the mind, how the brows net and scowl; when joy and 
pleasure is in the thought,how the face becomes wreathed 
with smiles ; how sympathy softens the expression and 
makes tender the eye; when anger comes, how the eyes 
snap and the foot stamps. How each emotion of their 
minds and mental operation produces a corresponding 
expression on the ph^^siognomies. How different and 
distinguishable is the natural language of hate from 
pride; mirth from vanity; dignity from bashfulness; love 
from friendship; deceit from candidness innocence from 
guilt. The gesture, laugh, smile, the lustre of the eye, 
all facial expression indicates the passing thoughts. One 
may know the gist of their conversation, hear the elo- 
quence of their minds, the discourse of their thoughts, 
just by listening through their eyes to the inaudible 
dialogue, when versed in the language of psychological 
expression. 



SOUL IN THE VOICE. 



" Mirah's was the sort of voice that gives the impression of being 
meant, like a bird's wooing for an audience near and beloved" 

— George Eliot. 

" The voice is the flower of beauty." — Zeno. 

" The voice is sweet as if it took its music from thy face.— X. E. 
Landon. 

"A sweet voice, a little indistinct and muffled, which caresses 
and does not thrill; an utterance which glides on without emphasis 
and lays stress only on what is deeply felt." — George Sand. 

" In social circles how pleasant it is to, hear a woman talk in that 
low key which always characterizes the true lady." — Lamh. 

"Rosseau calls the human voice the warder of the mind." — N. 
P. Willis. 

"Thy voice Is a celestial mQ\o(ij."—Longfdlow. 

" The voice is a human sound which nothing inanimate can per- 
fectly imitate. It has an authority and an insinuating property which 
writing lacks. It is not mjerely so much air, but air modulated and 
impregnated with life." — Joubert. 

" Her voice was ever soft, gentle and low — an excellent thing in 
woman . " — Shakespeare. 

' ' How sweetly sounds the voice of a good woman ! It is so sel- 
dom heard that when it speaks it ravishes all senses." — Massinger. 

"The soft contralto notes of a woman's voice are born in the 
immediate region of the }ieBXi"^ Alfred de Musset. 

" The devil hath not, in all his quiver's choice, an arrow for the 
heart like a sweet Yoice."^ Byron. 
■ " Canst thou thunder with a voice like him? "—Bible. 

There is soul in the voice. How charming, 
enchanting, how inspiring, is a sweet, pure, transparent 
voice in song, speech, conversation or laughter; the 

176 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 177 

sweetest music known to man is the human voice; no 
musical invention can bear any comparison to the mel- 
odies from the larynx. The mind's nobility and grace, 
firmness and weakness, cautiousness and frankness, 
kindness and generosity, gravity and severity, are 
sounded in the voice ; all degrees of the affection have 
their tone; all shades of sorrow, all variations of mental 
emotion, all expressions of anger and pride, have their 
notes in the voice; all the passion's propensities, 
sentiments and faculties find ventilation through this 
natural outlet of the soul. 

The tone, intensity and emphasis of the voice, more 
than the words pronounced, arouse our anger, excite our 
passions, invite our love, provoke our laughter, thrill 
our souls produce contempt, make us hate, cause friend- 
ship, create sympathy, stimulates courage. The quali- 
ties of the voice represent the different mental states. 

The voice is not only the echo of the mind but the 
tuning-fork of the system. Physical vigor is expressed 
in the sound of the voice. All the vital functions sig- 
nify their condition in this organ of speech. Any vital 
exhaustion or physical abuse weakens and enfeebles the 
action of the larynx ; immorality clouds it ; intem- 
perance clogs it; dissipation unstrings the vocal 
cords and destroys its music. A powerful voice 
full of force signifies a strong and powerful con- 
stitution throughout. Women, as a rule, have 
more delicate voices than men, for their natures 
are more refined and delicate; a weak voice, constitu- 
tional deficiency ; such people lack vigor and strength 
in all they undertake. All consumptives have weak 
voices. 

The screech of the owl grates on our ears, but the 

12 



178 FACIOLOGT. 

song of the canary delights us ; yet the difference of 
their voices is no greater than their natures. ]^o one 
hearing the bark of a terrier would imagine it to be a 
bull-dog ; how changed is the bellow of the cow from 
that of the calf; the bleat of the lamb and that of the 
sheep. The growth of their natures makes the differ- 
ence ; we do not look for the fine notes from the base 
viol that we reap from the violin. 

E'o one ever listened to a pleasing, gentle, sweet re- 
fined voice from a rough, uncultured, ignorant looking 
and acting fellow; who ever heard an ignoramus sing- 
sweetly, a ruffian orate eloquently, or a brutal mind 
converse pleasingly. The most charming vocalists have 
the loveliest minds and most refined bodies; the great 
orators have all had cultured minds and polished and 
trained physical natures; the famous actors have 
possessed the happy combination of good minds and 
bodies. Ph3^sical culture and mental discipline are both 
necessary to secure the best vocal effect. 

The voice like all other functions of the body must 
be exercised and cultivated, properlj'- used, or it will 
lack vigor. It usually follows that where there are 
strong lungs there is a powerful voice, the lungs and 
vocal chords bear the same relation to each other as the 
bellows of the organ do to the pipes, the loudness in- 
creases with the strength of the blasts from the bellows. 
All singers, actors and orators know how important 
lung gymnastics are to secure brilliant vocal powers. 

The head is the sounding board of the larynx; the 
tone of the voice corresponds to the shape of the 
cranium. This can be proven by placing the hands on 
and pressing the skull while using the voice, and the 
sound will vary with the movements of the hands. 



BRAIN SAND FORMS. 179 

Broad base brains where the propensities are located is 
usually accompanied by a heavy deep voice, as in the 
ruffian, pugilist, lion, tiger and bull dog. 

As to the degree of the width and height of the 
head, the voice varies in pitch, power and volume, this 
is true in birds and animals. The feminine nature is 
more refined, the brains are nari-ower, less of the pro- 
pensities, more of the sentiments than the masculine, 
and the voices distinguish the difference. Men who 
have constitutions delicate and refined like women, 
have corresponding voices, and women who are mas- 
culine in make-up, have voices like men. People that 
are nearest alike in brain and body will have voices 
nearest alike. We often see brothers, father and son 
mother and daughter so near alike in character that 
the voices can hardly be distinguished. But we never 
find two voices similar unless the characters are 
similar. 

As there is an affinity between the brain and voice, it 
obviously follows that the face and voice are also 
related. ]S"ature never united a harsh, wicked voice 
with a mild, gentle face; cold, belligerent tones never 
issued from the lips of a pleasing and inviting counte- 
nance. If we were partitioned from a par^ry in loud 
conversation, how easy it would be to picture the 
faces, expressions, and general physiognomies, and on 
entering the room, how easy it would be to select the 
different ones, that made particular remarks by means 
of the voices you heard. 

Contrast the voices of the miser and the philanthro- 
pist ; the pugilist and the preacher ; the intellectual 
w^th the ignorant ; the brutal with the humane ; 
the sensual with the virtuous : the well with the sick. 



180 FACIOLOOY, 

All culture refines and improves the voice, as it does 
the mind, by refining the instrument that produces it. 
Where there is affectation in the voice, the person 
will be found to be artficial, and theatrical in manner 
and character ; such people try to be what they are 
not ; they endeavor to assume a grace, a tone not their 
own ; the voice of such, will not correspond with their 
faces. A clear voice, a clear mind; a harsh voice an 
analogous nature. 



The Pihlosophy op Laughter. 



"How miicli lies in laughter — the cipher-key wherewith we 
decipher the whole man! Some men wear an everlasting barren 
simper; in the smile of others lies the cold glitter, as. of ice; the 
fewest are able to laugh, what can be called laughing, but only sniff 
and titter and sniggle from the throat outwards, or at least produce 
some whiffing, husky cachinnations, as if they were laughing 
through wool. Of none such comes good. — Carlyle. 

"Laugh and be fat, sir." — Ben. Jolmson. 

"Give me an honest laugher." — 8cott. 

"Wisdom jests as well as preaches." — WM'pple. 

"Though laughter is allowable, a horse laugh is abominable." — 

Cicero. 

"Hypocrits weep, and you cannot tell their tears from those of 
saints; but no bad man ever laughed sweetly." — Ouida. 

"Laughter is a most healthy exertion; it is one of the greatest 
helps to digestion witli which I am acquainted; and the custom 
prevalent among our forefathers, of exciting it at the table by jes- 
ters and buffoons, was founded on true medical principles. — Dr. 
Hubeland. 

Laughter is the channel through which the faculty 
of Mirth seeks to exhaust itself. A smile is but the 
infancy of laughter. All feelings, sentimental or pas- 
sional, pleasurable or painful, discharge their nervous 
excitement through the muscular system ; all the emo- 
tions of the mind receive their ventilation in the func- 
tions of the body. Discontent has vent in a troubled 
countenance and a wrinkled forehead ; anger scowls 
and nets the brows, gives fire to the eye, force and 
quickness to all the movements ; pain by a distressed 
look and wr}' face ; pleasure by a joyous look, smiling 

181 



182 FACIOLOGY. 

mouth, happy eyes ; contempt by a pm^turbing of the 
nether lip ; firmness by upright, stiff attitude and com- 
pressed lips; so in sundry other cases. The more 
intense the sensation the more vehement the muscular 
action ; grief at first causes merely the melting of the 
eye ; if it becomes intense it causes prostration and 




Fig. 59. 
James T. Powers,— Laughtei-, large Mirth 

even death ; mirth begins with a smile, then laughter, 
but if greatly excited it causes tears to flow, and I 
have known of severe cases where persons have 



BIJAINS AND FORMS. 1 83 

laufi^hed themselves to death. So grief is not the only 
emotion that causes tears, any more than the apprecia- 
tion of the ludicrous or apj^earance of the incongruous 
are the only sensations that produce laughter, for when 
any feeling becomes so intense that it cannot discharge 
itself through its natural or usual course, it must of 
necessity pass through some other vent. 

Mirth, like all mental sensations, seeks first its most 
habitual routes to relieve itself, in laughter; if this 
channel is not sufficient it resorts to the next frequent- 
ly used. Unless directed by the v/ill for a special 
object, as in escaping from danger, etc., the muscular 
functions most frequently used in discharging mental 
energy are the organs of speech — the mouth, tongue 
and larynx, and the muscles operating them — even the 
most ordinary emotions effect these parts ; a slight sen- 
sation of pleasure or pain first contracts the muscles 
about the mouth and causes a smile or compression. 
After these the organs that are next most frequently 
moved b}^ sensations of pain or pleasure are the respir- 
atory organs ; all emotion touch to a greater or less 
degree lung action ; they are most constantly impli- 
cated in the various acts which our feelings impel us, 
than any of the other organs, and hence when there is 
a discharge of mental energy not directed by the will, 
if the quantity be sufficient, it convulses not only cer- 
tain of the articulation and vocal functions, but also 
those which expel the air from the lungs: The comic 
Garrick reasons well when he says : " Fun gives you a 
forcible hug and shakes laughter out of you, whether 
you will or no." The phenomena of laughter can be 
scientificall}^ explained by tracing physiological prin- 
ciples due to the general law of reflex action. 



184 FACIOLOGY. 

Man may be said to be the only laughing animal. 
^'Smiles from reason How, to brutes denied, and are to 
love, the food," says Milton. The faculty of mirth is the 
servant of reason. It points out the absurd, appreciates 
the ludicrous, observes the incongruous. Every human 
being has some humor in his soul, as he has love, 
friendship, reason, power of observation, ability to eat, 
etc. It is a primitive faculty, but like all the powers 
of the mind, it varies in activity and acuteness in dif- 
ferent individuals. A¥hat would excite one to laughter 
would draw faintly a smile on the mouth of another. 
A man who is deficient in this mirthful faculty is de- 
serving of our pity, because there is a wheel loose in his 
brain, so to speak ; a weak organ, as one who is defi- 
cient in the faculty of tune cannot appreciate the 
charms of music ; his face is drawn and sad, no smile 
beautifies the mouth, no laughing sparkle darts from 
the eye ; their countenance has the gloomy aspect of 
one mourning their lost lover ; they can neither crack 
a joke or make a pun ; they never participate in any 
merriment, but live like Charles I., who never laughed 
after he became king. Socially they are dry and 
intolerable. Shakespeare, the matchless delineator of 
mankind, thus quaintly notices these sons of melan- 
choly and mirth : 

"Now, by two-headed Janus, 
Nature has made strange fellows in her time: 
Some that will ever more peep through their eyes 
And laugh like parrots at a bag-piper; 
And others of such vinegar aspect. 
That they'll not show their teeth by way of smile, 
Though Nestor swear the jest be laughable." 

Where mirthfulness is large it will be evidenced by 
wrinkles outward and downward, obliquely, from the 



UJiAi.W. AND lOIiMS. 185 

outer corner of the eyes ; the skull will be full where 
this faculty is located in the forehead ; the mouth will 
possess a quasi-smile, the whole countenance will have 
a humorous and knowing expression. Shakespeare, 
describino^ a man w4th large mirth, says : " From the 
crown of his head to the sole of his foot he is all mirth ; 
he hath twice or thrice cut cupid's bowstring, and the 
little hangman dare not shoot at him ; he hath a heart 
as sound as a bell, and his tongue is the clapper; for, 
w^hat his heart thinks his tongue speaks." 

The soul resounds in laughter. What a revealer of 
character ! Generally speaking, a loud laugh signifies 
power; a weak laugh weakness; a gentle laugh gentle- 
ness ; a laugh that is hearty and shakes the sides indi- 
cates a generous, whole-souled, resolute character; a 
laugh suppressed or muffled signifies a person of self- 
control, of large secretiveness, of a cunning character; 
while an outbursting, spontaneous laugh denotes can- 
didness, sincerity of character, lack of policy and self- 
control. A person with a short, giggling laugh, if 
forceful and loud, they do everything in a forceful and 
speedy manner ; but if the laugh is without energy, 
they do nothing with force. A person who laughs 
Avith a spurt, and then tapers off, starts in all things 
briskly, but lacks continuity, and soon slacks up ; and 
vice versa. 

Lavater says ^'He who always prefaces his tale with 
laughter is poisoned between impertinence and folly." 
In speaking of the loud, vulgar laugh, the same 
author says: "The horse laugh indicates brutality of 
character." 



Character in Salutation and 
Mand-Shaking. 



To the critical observer of human nature there is no 
single evidence of character, so strongly regarded as 
the peculiarities of hand shaking. " There is nothing," 
says the observing Lavater, " do we lay ourselves so 
open as in our manner of meeting and salutation." 
Hand-shaking is a traditional habit of our race ; it is an 
ancient Snstom frequently spoken of in the old Dispen- 
sation. '^ Is thine heart right, as my heart is, with thy 
heart ? If it be, give me thy hand." This not only an 
old-fashioned method of greeting, but it is a natural 
one ; it is the language of friendship as kisses are the 
natural language of love. This salutation is as appro- 
priate as it is natural, when we meet a friend, or part 
from one, how important it is, to have some practical 
means, to reciprocate our feelings ; how convenient, 
how fitting, to place together the palms of the hands 
whose surfaces are so magnetic, and sensitive, that the 
feelings themselves are really exchanged ; so it is not 
merely a figm^ative expression. 

Other races and climes have other customs and 
.manners. Friends in the Anglo-Saxon race, no matter 
v>'here they may roam or live, salute each other with 
the grip of the hand ; the Laplander rubs noses, 
applying the proboscis not too gently, to the person 
they delight to honor ; the Japanese it is said takes off 

186 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 187 

his slippers and the Aracanian his sandals when they 
wish to be civil ; the Philippine Islander- takes your 
hand or foot and gently rubs his face with it ; the 
Greeks and Romans manifested their esteem by the 
inferiors kissing the hands of the superiors; so different 
tribes and nations have different modes of showing 
tiieir friendship and regards, but how much more 
dignified, natural and expressive is our method, by 
shaking the hand. 

The numerous styles of hand-shaking indicates many 
different traits of character; it shows man's culture, 
refinement, suavity, politeness, generosity, friendship, 
love and esteem ; it is especially characteristic of his 
social disposition. As every man is peculiar in char- 
acter so, too, every one has a different way of shak- 
ing hands. It would be natural to suppose that the 
cultured gentleman would have a different clasp from 
the barbarian; the generous from the miserly; the 
strong from the weak ; the aristocratic from the demo- 
cratic ; the master from the servant. It will be 
impossible to give only the most ordinary methods of 
handshaking. 

• (1) The Hand and Heart clasp is a form that always 
comes from a good heart and soul ; it is a natural, but 
generous, pledge of fidelity and esteem ; it characterizes 
one that is full-hearted and truthful ; such people at 
once win our admiration and friendship. 

(2) The electric grip will be noticed when the hand 
is full of life, warmth and vigor ; the touch feels mag- 
netic like the bell of a mild electric battery ; such 
individuals have magnetic personalities, animated and 
full of life and energy. Their character throughout is 
analogous. 



188 ^ FACIOLOGY. 

(3) Artistic salute. In former times, when the 
royal aristocracy deigned to honor the humble democ- 
racy they extend one finger to be shaken. There is 
yet in our time a few people who think it a conde- 
scension to take the hand of a person in a humbler 
position then themselves, and extend one or two fingers 
to be shaken ; there is nothing so positively insulting. 
Such people have a stuck-up feeling, an ostentatious 
being of one, who thought themselves higher and pos- 
sessed special prerogations under his divine grace. It 
is such a breach of social manners, that no true man or 
woman, will be guilty of it; true gentility always 
extends the whole hand, when it is necessary to shake 
at all. 

(4) Pump-handle shake. Ignorant coarse people 
always have a clumsy, awkward, stiff movement of the 
arm ; sometimes it is rude and has a crushing effect to 
your hand ; there may be affection in such a shake, 
but it is rude and uncultured. 

(5) Flabby flop style. This is usually Miss "Weak- 
ness whose hand is cold, chilly, lifeless and flabby ; it 
reminds one of corpse, death ; it repels us, like Uriah 
Heep's " it is as ghostly to the touch as to the sight." It 
is a grievous mistake made by some young ladies to im- 
agine,that cold,soft,clammy hands are pretty and attrac- 
tive, when they are simply the sign of disease. The old 
saying "cold hands and a warm heart" is unscientific 
and untrue, it is contrary to physiological laws. 
Where there is warmth there is life, cold is the sign of 
death. Where the extremities are cold the vitals are 
congested, and are signals of danger , they are symtoms 
of a feeble condition of the system. People thus 
afflicted should resort at once to exercise and lung 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 189 

gymnastics to equalize circulation. To have good 
health the blood must diffuse itself to the utmost ex- 
tremities of the body, to carry away its waste matter 
and build up its wornout functions ; it is this health}^ 
circulation of the blood that warms, animates, invigor- 
ates and stimulates the body and brain. 

As a man feels so will he shake hands ; a sickly 
person shakes feebly ; a vigorous person firmly ; a cul- 
tured person courteously ; a generous person freely and 
cordially ; an ignorant person rudely what ever will 
be his feelings, he will have an inelegant way of 
expressing them. 

It is through the process of hand-shaking that we 
come closer in contact with that ablest and most won- 
derful member of the body, the hand ; which is almost 
as expressive of character as the face. If some 
unknown person was to put their hand through a screen 
with no other part of the body visible, we could deter- 
mine the general characteristics of the whole man, the 
size, height, shape and quality of the body ; the 
temperament and the general inclinations and the 
pronings of the mind. If the hands and fingers are 
long and slender so will the face and the body be tall 
and angular ; if the hand is plump and sho.rt, the form 
will be short in stature ; as the hand is, so is the con- 
stitution of the mind and body, a whole volume can 
be written of the revelations of the hand. 



Walks and Attitudes. What 
They Mean. 



" The visible carriage or action of the individual, as resulting 
from his organization and his will combined, we call manners. 
What are they but thought entering the hands and feet and con- 
trolling the movements of the body, the speech, and the behavior ?" 

— Emerson. 

"If the manner of walking of a woman be disgusting, decidedly 
disgusting, not only disagreeable, but impetuous, without dignity, 
contemptible, verging sideways — let neither her beauty allure thee 
to her, nor her understanding deceive thee, nor the confidence she 
may seem to repose in thee, betray thee. — Her mouth will be like 
her gait; and her conduct harsh and false like her mouth. She will 
not thank thee for all thou mayest do for her, but take fearful 
revenge for the slightest thing thou mayest omit. — Compare her 
gait with the lines of her forehead, and the wrinkles about the 
mouth, and an astonishing conformity will be discovered between 
them." — Lavater. 




Fig. 60. 
Approbativeness. 



Ignoramus. Siekly. Approbativeness. Harmony. Fop or Dude. 

The walk of man is peculiarly expressive of the 
character; every person manifests their individuality 



190 



BRAINS AND FORMS. 191 

in their gait. How frequently we identify persons at 
a distance solely by their walk ; we recognize people 
by the sound of their footsteps before we see their 
physiognomies. To verify our assertion, that the walk 
is a true and faithful indicator of character, station 
yourself on some prominent corner, of some busy 
thoroughfare in the city, and observe closely the walk 
and carriage of people as they pass, and you will notice 
how expressive of real character is the gait. This occupa- 
tion you will find as amusing as instructive. 

As animals differ in character so they differ in walk; 
compare the active trotter with the slow clumsy Clydes- 
dale, how true are their movements to their natures ; 
how sprightly and quick is the deer, how poky and 
awkward is the bear, yet how perfectly their charac- 
ters coinQJde with their walks ; the fox has a sly, 
stealthy walk, and what a thief is he ; the lion has a 
bold, defiant gait, and what a courageous animal, the 
king of beasts; animals that are, timid and jump at the 
crack of a bush, or at the dart of their shadow, will be 
found to have none of the faculties in their brain that 
give force, pluck and destructiveness, they will be nar- 
row between the ears. 

The style of man's walk corresponds with his mind ; 
a man possessing a large novice of self-esteem on his 
cranium, walks dignified and stately , he has an aristo- 
cratic bearing; he shows self-confidence, self-reliance; 
such a person will be found commanding and authorita- 
tive in all that he does; they may be brainy or not, 
they ])lace a premium on what they know and do. 

The man with a large development of firmness has a 
firm and positive step ; a man with very large cautious- 
ness is sure footed and never stumbles; if approbative- 




192 FACIOLOGY. 

ness is excessive, vanity and ostentation will be mani- 
fested in every movement ; when secretiveness and ac- 
quisitiveness are the ruling propensities the walk will be 
sly, quite like that of the fox ; the 
profound philosopher with his large 
reasoning powers usually tip the 
head forward in a meditative atti- 
tude, his walk is leisurely and with- 
out much force. Such men usuall}'' 
have more talent than tact ; they 
lack force and self-esteem. 

When the walk is full of force, 
energy and activity, the arms a 
Large cautrousness. swiugiug, the push-right-through 
gait, such men have large combativeness and destruct- 
iveness ; they have pluck and courage ; they love 
competition and rivalry ; the contentions of the com- 
mercial world, or the controversies of the forum. Such 
characters will be found to be leaders in the vocation 
to which they belong. 

We often observe a walk that is slipshod, dragging, 
shuffling, loose-jointed, without energy or action; such an 
individual has but little character ; they possess none of 
the essentials that lead on to success in this active 
world ; the}^ are nonentities, without talent, force or 
vitality. While, on the other hand, a walk full of 
snap, energy, sprightliness indicates a character full of 
brightness and energy. 

. We sometimes observe an artificial walk, a gait that 
is of affectation ; such people are false characters ; they 
endeavor to appear what they are not ; they travel 
under a borrowed grace. Then again we see a walk 
that is abrupt, angular, turn-quick and snappy ; such. 



BRAINS AND J'ORMS. 193 

people are irregular, irritable and uneven characters. 
We never find external grace without internal har- 
mony. A person with a firm, genteel, graceful and 
regular walk will possess even and harmonious char- 
acters. 

Individuals who are slow, easy and take their time, 
will think, act and live just as they walk * they are 
constructed on a slow key, while persons with a fast, 
rapid step have analogous characters ; they are quick to 
think, to act, to see and to do. 

Contrast the walks of the people in the different 
positions in life ; see how each corresponds to its pos- 
sessor's rank and station in the world. Observe the 
walk of the manager, overseer, prince, how lordly, 
stately and pedantic ; then compare this, with the 
walk of the servant, laborer or slave, see how submis- 
sive, spiritless and subordinated. 

The attitude as the walk bespeaks many traits of 
character, temporary emotions and activities of the 
mind. When there is a constant repetition of a certain 
bend of the body, as in scholars, literary men, some 
trades and professions, it will often reveal the perma- 
nent character of the person and tell his occupation in 
life. The attitude often tells an interesting tale of a 
life's history. The activit}^ of the mind in fulfilling the 
regular duties in the various spheres of human employ- 
ment, inclines the form in a corresponding direction, 
the blacksmith, tailor, cobbler, farmer, merchant 
manager, philosopher, reveal their respective callings 
by their attitudes. 

A man full of energy, life and vitality is never found 
sitting in a posture doubled up, folded together, like 
an unstarched dish-cloth; no, he sits and stands erect? 

13 



194: FACIOLOGY. 

firmly and positively, every member of his body is in a 
position indicative of his manhood. While a lifeless, 
indolentjlazy person sits and stands in a similiar manner, 
as if they were destitute of any back bone, devoid of 
energy and ambition. Their lifeless person presents a 
lifeless aspect. 

A person slow, easy-going, take time, never-in-hurry 
disposition will be found assuming the most comfort- 
able posture obtainable, always lounging, leaning and 
dozing. Persons who depend upon something to hold 
their bodies up, usually depend on some one to keep 
their souls alive. A graceful attitude denotes an innate 
polish and even character. Many of the leading 
mental faculties are disclosed in the attitude. » 



INDEX TO FIICIOLOGY MD PHRENOLOGICE CHMT. 

To word and arrange a printed chart so as to give a full and 
accurate delineation of character is impossible ; we pretend here 
only to approximate this standard. Each individual is peculiar 
unto himself, and presents a different combination of temperaments 
and physiological conditions, affecting the manifestations of the 
mind, which must be cautiously considered in each case. For a 
more perfect and satisfactory analysis, each chart should be supple- 
mented by copious oral statements, or a carefully written descrip- 
tion to suit the individual case. As all the English language con- 
sists in combining the twenty-six letters of the alphabet, so all the 
different talents, dispositions, traits and peculiarities of human na- 
ture are the result of certain combinations of mind and body and 
associations of the mental faculties developed in certain degrees. 

EXPLANATION OF SCALE. 

We have marked the degree of development of each faculty with 
pen, in the little bracket at the right of each name, the scale run- 
ning from one to seven, as follows : 

1. (Very small). The capacity of the function is very small and 
will exhibit a very feeble manifestation of its duties. 

2. (Small). The organ is small in size, but will manifest more 
strength than one, yet nothing reliable, 

3. (Moderate). This function is moderate in development ; will 
manifest still better condition, yet will lack strength and force. 

4. (Fair). This organ shows a fair degree of streng h and power, 
and if pressed by demand of exigencies, will serve with considerable 
force. 

5. (A-verage). In this function you reach the average in size and 
capacity ; will manifest good power, and under stimulating circum- 
stances much strength and energy. 

6. (Large). The faculty is large in size, and its manifestations 
strong and powerful, and its influence will be felt throughout the 
entire character. 

7. (Very Large). In the following chart I have described the func- 
tions and faculties under this degree, in order to make it more com- 
prehensive to the one examined. 

C, marked by the faculty, means to cultivate; R means to re- 
strain. 

Cliart of 

By Professor 

Date 

195 



196 



46 



46 



S0 



DESCRIPTION. 



Organic Quality.— ( ) (7.) Very Good. 
— You have a remarkably refined, sensitive, 
and delicate organization; are susceptible of 
exquisite enjoyment and intense suffering; 
and are greatly affected by extremes of heat 
and cold, especially the latter. ' You are 
adapted to fine and light work rather than 
to that which is coarse and heavy, have 
poetic and artistic tastes, lofty aspirations, 
tender sympathies, and a longing for con- 
genial companionship. Being inclined to 
live too far above4he common interests and 
pursuits of life, you fail to find full appre- 
ciation, and are- subjected to much suffering 
by the rude contacts involved among the 
every-day realities of this life. Cultivate a 
more robust bodily condition — eat, drink, 
sleep, and grow fat — and try to live more in 
the real and less in the ideal world. 

65 67 17 Vital Temperament.-( ) (?) Very 

Largely Developed. — This temperament 
is characterized by rotundity. You are 
plump, stout, full-chested, and fond of fresh 
air and the luxuries of life; but you like 
play better than hard work. In mental char- 
acter there is a tendency to impulsiveness, 
enthusiasm, versatility, practicality, and to 
tttke a matter-of-fact view of things. Your 
fondness for good living, jovial company, 
sports and amusements, render you liable to 
fall into habits of intemperance, against 
which you must be continually von your 
guard. If you find yourself inclined to an 
uncomfortable obesity, your remedy must 
be loork, and a spare diet. Keep both body 

Muc_of thedesci'iptive matter in this chart I have taken from a number 
of others. 



197 



60 






154 



DESCRIPTION. 



51 



156 



54 



155 



68 126 
153' 



19 



and mind actively engaged, and avoid in- 
dolence and the indulgences of the table as 
your greatest foes. By a rigid adherence to 
a low and moderate diet, and by vigorous 
manual labor, you may greatly modify and 
improve your temperament. 

Digestive Power- —( )('J') Very Good. 
— Your digestion is almost perfect, and you 
can eat with impunity any sort of food suit- 
able, under any circumstances, to be re- 
ceived into the human stomach. 

Circulation-— ( ) (7) Very Good.— You 
have an excellent circulation; a strong, 
steady pulse; perspire freely; and are able 
to withstand great cold and heat without 

' discomfort. 

Breathing Power.— ( ) (7.) Very 

Good. — Your respiratory organs are admira- 
bly developed, and their functions well-nigh 
perfectly performed. You breathe freely 
and deeply, moviug the abdominal muscles 
as well as the lungs, and filling your chest 
at every inspiration. Your face is full at its 
facial pole. 

Motive Temperament.— ( ) (7.) Very 

Strongly DEVELorED. — The bony frame- 
work of your structure is strongly marked, 
and encased with only muscle enough to bind 
all firmly together; but what flesh you have 
is dense, tough, compact and wiry. There 
is a tendency to angularity in your configur- 
ation. You love active, muscular work, and 



198 



F^, « 






71 



126 
153 



21 
12 



DESCRIPTION. 



are endowed with great physical power and 
capacity for severe and prolonged exertion 
of both body and mind. In character you 
are energetic, efficient, determined and per- 
sistent. You are adapted to active life, and 
to such enterprises as will give your energy, 
steadfastness, and perseverence full and free 
scope. 

Mental Tern perament.—( )(7.)Very 

Largely Developed. — You are delicate in 
structure, with small bones, a moderate 
development of muscle, finely cut features, 
and a high organic condition generally. 
Brain predominates over body, and your 
mental states have a powerful influence over 
your physical condition. You are refined 
in your tastes; quick and delicate in your 
perceptions; rapid in your mental opera- 
tions ; emotional, sympathetic, aspiring, 
earnest, eager, and easily excited. You are 
admirably adapted, so far as constitutional 
qualities are concerned, to literary or artistic 
pursuits. If a mechanic, a manufacturer, 
or a merchant, one of the lighter and more 
elegant branches in these departments 
would suit you best. 

State of Health.-( ) (7) Very Good.- 
Your constitution is apparently in a health- 
ful condition ; you have normal action of all 
your vital organs; you are vigorous, active 
and hearty, and should devote both mind 
and body to their highest employment. 

Degree of Activity.— ( ) (?) Very 

Great.— You are very agile, lithe-limbed, 



199 



P8 35 

S5 



DESCRIPTION. 



46 



47 



48 



and quick-motioned, and your mental opera- 
tions are equally rapid and facile. You are 
always wide-awake, eager, knowing and 
brilliant. You are liable to overwork your- 
self and become prematurely exhausted. 

Degree of Excitability.— ( ) (7.) Very 

Great. — You are remarkably impressible, 
very easily excited, subject to extremes of 
feeling; greatly exalted at one moment and 
much depressed the next; driven now this 
way and then that by consfantly changing 
impulses; and very much disposed to exag- 
gerate everything, whether good or bad. 
Your need is to restrain this excitability, 
first, by avoiding all stimulating food and 
drink, and all unnatural or violent mental 
excitements; and, second, by cultivating a 
calm, quiet, enjoyable frame of mind. Re- 
pose is the proper antidote of too great 
activity. 

Size of Head. inches. ( ) (7.) Very 

Large. — If your organic quality be good 
and your activity sufficient, you should man- 
ifest extraordinary mental power; and if 
there be also a proper balance between the 
various groups of faculties, you are capable 
of taking a place in the first ranks, among 
the intellectual giants of the age. Such a 
mind, backed up by adequate physical 
stamina, will overcome all obstacles, and 

1 achieve greatness in spite of all difficulties. 

I You may not have had your full powers 

I called out, but the capacity is here. 



200 



50 



50 



50 



50 



50 



51 



51 



51 



52 



52 



160 
147 



121 



147 



152 



fa aa 



DESCRIPTION. 



FACULTIES. 

-( ) ('<'•) Very Large. 



MENTAL 

AmatEveness. 

You possess in a pre-emiiien,t degree the 
desire to love and to be loved; are irresistibly- 
attracted by the opposite sex, and are capable 
of exerting a similar power over your oppo- 
site. 

Conjugality-— ( ) C^-) Very Large.— 
Your love must be concentrated upon one 
person of the opposite sex, who will be to 
you the embodiment of all that is good and 
lovely, and if fully satisfied in this respect, 
you will enjoy the marriage relation very 
highly. 

Parental Love-— ( ) C?-) Very Large.— 
Are passionately fond of all children, of pets, 
etc.; a general favorite with them; very 
indulgent and playful; idolize your own 
children; are liable to over-indulge them. 

Friendship-— ( ) 0-) Very Large.— 
You love friends with indescribable tender- 
ness and strength of feeling; will sacrifice 
almost everything upon the altar of friend- 
ship; with Amativeness and Conjugality 
full or large, are susceptible of the most 
devoted connubial love; fall in love easily. 

Inhabitiveness.— ( ){T-) Very Large. 
— Regard ho7ne as the dearest, sweetest spot 
on earth; feel homesick when away; dislike 
changing residence; are pre-eminently patri- 
otic; think of native place with intense in- 
terest. 



mm 



201 



50 



i, 


^ 


o 


o 




M 


pJ 


CO 


p» 


-<1 


o 


o 


M 


oj 


Q 


;^ 



« 0} 



52 151 



50 153 



50 



54 



128 



33 
9 



50^ 53 158 



50 54 154 



DESCRIPTION. 



Continuity.— ( ) C^-) Very Large.— 
Place the mind upon subjects slowly; can 
not leave them unfinished, nor attend to but 
one thing at once; very tedious; have great 
application, yet lack ^?^^e?ls^7y and_??(?zn^. 

Vitativeness-— ( )(T.) Very Large.— 
However wretched, shrink from and shud- 
der at the thought of dying and being dead; 
feel that you can not give up existence. 

Combativeness-— ( ) (7.)— Very Large. 
— Are powerful in opposition, prone to dis- 
pute, attack, etc.; contrary, have violent 
temper, govern it with difiiculty. 



11 Dest ru cti ve ness-— ( ) (7.)— Very 

Large. — When provoked, you are vindic- 
tive, cruel, disposed to hurt, take revenge, 
etc.; bitter and implacable as an enemy ;'y67'y 
forcible. 



50 54 



136 



51 



Aliment ivenes s.— ( ) (7.)— Very 

Large. — Set too much by the indulgence of 
the palate; eat with the keenest appetite; 
perhaps too much. 

• 

Acq u i siti-veness.— ( ) (7.)— Very 

Large. — Make money your idol; grudge it; 
are tempted to get it dishonestly; penurious, 
sordid, covetous, etc. Have a strong desire 
to acquire property; are frugal, saving of 
money, close and particular in dealings, de- 
voted to money-making, trading, etc.; gen- 
erally get the value of your money. 



203 






DESCRIPTION. 



50 54 



136 



50 



50 



54 



Secretiveness.— ( ) (7.)— Very Large. 
— Seldom appear what you are, or say what 
you mean; often equivocate and deceive; 
are mysterious, dark, cunning, artful, given 
to double-dealing, eye service, etc. Seldom 
disclose your plans, opinions, etc. ; are hard 
to be found out; reserved; non-committal. 

61 Cautiousness-— ( ) (7.)— Very Large. 
— Hesitate too much; suffer greatly from 
groundless fears; timid, easily frightened, 
etc. 



52 



149 



10 



50 



53 



150 



8 
10 



50 



53 



8 
10 



Approbativeness-— ( ) (7.)— Very 

Large. — Regard honor and character as the 
apple of the eye; are even morUdly sensi- 
tive to praise and censure: overfond of show, 
fashion, praise, style, etc.; extremely polite, 
ceremonious , etc. Set everything by charac- 
ter, honor, etc.; are keenly alive to the 
frowns and smiles of public opinion, praise, 
etc.; try to show off to good advantage; 
affable, ambitious, apt to praise self. 

Self-Esteem.— ( ) (7.)— Very Large.— 
Have an unbounded self-confidence; endure 
no restraint; take no advice; are rather 
haughty, imperious, etc. Are high-minded, 
independent, self-coDfident, dignified, your 
own master; aspire to he and do something 
worthy of yourself, assume responsibilities; 
do few little things. 

Firmness.— ( )(7.)— Very Large. — Are 
willful and so tenacious and unchangeable 
of opinion, purpose, etc., that you seldom 
give up anything. 



203 



50 



56 



o 






50 55 172 



50 



50 



55 



55 



50i 56 



50 56 



DESCRIPTION. 



26 Veneration.— ( ) (7.) Very large.— You 
31 are eminently respectful and inclined to be 
religious, prayerful, and devoted to the wor- 
sliip of God. You are profoundly respect- 
ful towards the aged, the good, or the great. 



28 
31 



10 



Conscientiousness.— ( ) (7.)— Very 

Large. — You are scrupulously exact in 
matters of right; perfectly honest in motive; 
always condemning self and repenting; 
make duti/ everything; expediency nothing. 
You are honest; faithful; upright; moral in 
feeling ; penitent; mean well; consult duty 
before expediency; love and mean to speak 
the truth; can not tolerate wrong. 

Hope.— ( ) C''.) Very Large.— You have 
unbounded hopes ; build a world of castles 
in the air ; live in the future ; have too many 
irons in the fire. 



31 Spirituality.— ( ) (7.) Very Large.— You 
'10 have strong intuitive perceptions of what is 
right and best; have faith in spiritual moni- 
tions. You have a sensitive clairvoyant na- 
ture; you are prone to believe in dreams, 
omens, etc. 

12 Benevolence-— ( ) (7.) Very Large.— 
31 Do all the good in your power ; gladly sacri- 
fice self upon the altar of pure benovolence; 
scatter happiness wherever you go; are one 
of the kindest -hearted of persons. 



Constructiveness.— ( 

Large. — You could be a 



) (7.) Very 
mechanic of the 



204 



50 



50 



50 



56 



100 



57 



57 



50 58 



50 



58 






DESCRIPTION. 



14 



14 



131 



172 



109 
131 



14 



59 



43 
15 



first order; a true genius; love it too well to 
leave it; show extraordinary skill in it; man- 
ifest mechanical dexterity and ingenuity in 
the use of tools. 

Ideality.— ( ) C^-) VeryLarge.— You love 
the beautiful in art and nature extremely; 
you possess exquisite taste, the highest de- 
gree of refinement; you are imaginative and 
live in a separate world by yourself. You 
are liable to be too fastidious. 

Sublimity.— ( ) ('<'.) Very large.— Area 
passionate admirer of the wild and romantic; 
feel the sublimest emotions while contem- 
plating the grand or awful in nature; dash- 
ing cataracts, towering mountains, crashing 
thunder, and other commotions of the ele- 
ments. 

Imitation.— ( ) C?.) Very large.— Can 
mimic, act out, and copy almost anything; 
describe, relate anecdotes, etc. , to the very 
life; have a theatrical taste and talent; sel- 
dom without gestures. 

IVIirthfulness.~( ) 0-) VeryLarge.— 

Are quick and apt at turning things into 
ridicule; incline to constant sallies of wit; 
are too facetious, jocose, etc. 

Causal ity.-( ) C^-) Very Large.— Are 
endowed with a deep, strong, original com- 
prehensive mind, powerful reasoning facul- 
ties, great vigor and energy of thought, first 
rate judgment, and a grand intellect. 



205 



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50 58 



131 
109 



50 59 



50 



50 



59 



61 



50 



59 



50 



59 



o 






DESCRIPTION. 



15 Comparison.— ( ) C?.) Very Large.— 
Have a happy talent for comparing, illus- 
trating, criticising, arguing from similar 
cases, discriminating between what is and is 
not analogous, or in point, classifying phe- 
nomena, and thereby ascertaining their laws, 
etc. 



44 



33 



45 



Human NatU re.— ( ) (7.) Vert Large.— 
You are a natural physiognomist, or rather, 
an intuitive discerner of character, forming- 
correct estimates of the disposition and moral 
status of those you meet, especially if they 
be of the opposite sex. You can trust your 
first impressions of character. 

Affability.— ( ) (V-) Very Large.— You 
are remarkably bland, winning, and persua- 
sive; very conciliatory; and generally please 
everybody. 

Locality.— ( ) (7) Very Large.— Never 
forget the looks, location or geography of 
any place or thing once seen ; are even pas- 
sionately fond of traveling, scenery, geogra- 
phy, etc. 

Eventuality.— ( ) 0) Very Large.— 
Never forget any occurrence, even though 
it be trifling ; have a craving thirst for in- 
formation and experiment ; literally devour 
books, newspapers, etc. ; command a great 
amount of information. 

Time.— ( ) (7) Very Large.— Remember 
with wonderful accuracy, the time of occur- 
rences : are punctual ; tell the time, etc. 



206 



50 



50 



50 






59 



60 



121 



DESCRIPTION. 



Tune-— ( )0) Very Large,— Learn tunes 
by hearing them once or twice ; are literally- 
enchanted by music ; show intuitive skill in 
learning it, and perform with melting pathos. 

44 Language.— ( ) (7)— Very Large.— Have 
by nature astonishing command of words, 
copiousness and eloquence of expression, and 
verbal memory ; quote with ease ; are an in- 
cessent talker ; have too many words ; you 
are a free, easy, ready, fluent talker and 
speaker ; use good language ; commit easily; 
seldon hesitate for words. 



60 



44 



50 60 



50 



50 



61 



60 



44 
33 



16 
32 



16 
33 



61 



Individuality.— ( ) C?.) Very Large.— 
Have great desire to know, investigate, 
examine, experience, etc., are an observer 
of men and things; quick of perception; see 
what is transpiring, what should be done, etc. 

Form.— ( ) 0) Very Large.— Never forget 
the countenance, form, etc., of persons and 
things seen; easily learn to read and spell 
correctly ; recognize things at a great distance; 
have keen discrimination, 

ize»— ( ) i^i) Very Large.— Detect dispro- 
portion, and judge of size, with wonderful 
accuracy, by intuition, and about as well 
without as with instruments; could estimate 
the weight of cattle by size. 

Weight.— ( ) C^) Very Large.— Can walk 
on a high or narrow place; hold a steady 
hand, throw a stone or ball, and shoot, 
straight; balance, dance, ride a fractious 
horse, etc., very well. 



SOT 



fa H 



50 



61 



50 



50 



61 



61 



DESCRIPTION. 



16 Color.— ( ) Ct) Very Large.— Are passion- 
ately fond of colors ; have great taste and 
talent in comparing, arranging and mingling 
hues, tints and colors. Are delighted with 
paintings. 

Order.— ( ) W Very Large.— Are very- 
precise and particular to have every little 
thing in its place ; are pained by disorder ; 
fastidious. 

Calculation— ( )C7) Very Large.— Have 
an intuitive faculty for reckoning even com- 
plicated sums of figures in the head ; delight 
in it ; can add, subtract, divide, etc., in the 
head, with facility and correctness ; become 
a rapid, correct accountant, delight and excel 
in arithmetic. 






EXAMINATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS, /^f 



"We have the question frequently propounded to us " Can 'accu- 
rate delineations of character be made from photographs?" To 
which we unhesitatingly answer, yes ; even from properly taken tin- 
types, which are much cheaper. This is an important fact, for 
thousands of aspiring young people who desire self-knowledge 
for self-culture, to know their capabilities and powers, their adapta- 
tions to business, questions pertaining to their health and beauty, 
who are prevented on account of residence, etc., from receiving a 
personal examioation, would gladly submit their photographs or 
likenesses. 

From a likeness of the face alone, we can glean the leading 
characteristics of both mind and body, and give a very fair analysis 
of the whole man. But for a complete and thorough examination 
of head and face, certain instructions must be followed in sitting 
for the picture : The hair should be wet and brushed smoothly qver 
the head so as to reveal its contour. Men on whom the hair is cut 
short it is not of much importance, but in the case of women there 
is more or less frizzing and banging of the hair, which sometimes 
utterly disguises the forehead to the eyebrows. Each description of 
character is carefully written on typewriter, and with the photo- 
graphs promptly returned to the address sent. 

Each examination contains a general delineation of the entire 
character, each mental faculty in detail ; the applicant's adaptation 
to the business world and profession he will best succeed in ; a full de- 
scription of suitable life's companion in matrimony ; the individual's 
constitutional condition, what vital organs are weak and strong and 
how to cultivate them. 

INFORMATION DESIRED BY EXAMINER. 

Circumference of Head in inches around base of brain. 

From opening of Ears over top-head. 

From ear to ear over brow just above eyebrow. 

Height of Person. 

General Weight. 

Size of Chest under the Arms. 

Size around the waist. 

Color of Hair. 

Color of Eyes. 

Complexion, light or dark. 
■ Extent of Education. 

Occupation hitherto 

Condition of health. 

Married or single. 

Name and jiddressin full. 

Examination complete, Two Dollars, to be sent m stamps or pos- 
tal order. 

Direct all orders to my permanent address. 

PROF. L.B. STEVENS, 

BlTJFFTON, iNDIAliA, 

?08 



LIFE SIZE BUST PORTRAITS. 



(LITHOGRAPHS.) 

Size 22x28 Black and White, 

Will be furnished students, lecturers, lawyers, doctors, teachers, 
business men, for oflSces, halls, homes, of the following — 

EMINENT MEN AND WOMEN. 



Miscellaneous. 
Columbus, 
Napoleon I. 
Lafayette, 

F. H. E. Von Humboldt, 
Washington, 
Benj. Franklin, 
John Quincy Adams, 
Thomas Jefferson. 
Bismarck, 
Dr. Robert Koch, 
Prof. Agassiz, 
Thos. A. Edison, 
Ralph Waldo Emerson, 
James G. Blaine. 



Longfellow, 

Schiller, 

Goethe, 

Bryant, 

Whittier, 

Burns, 

Shakespeare, 

Scott. 

Composers. 

Handel, 

Mozart, 

Haydn, 

Beethoven, 

Verdi, 

Rossini, 

Wagner. 

Price thirty cents each. Four for 
address postpaid upon receipt of price. 



Women. 
Martha Washington, 
Mrs. F. C. Cleveland, 

Mary Queen of Scots, 

Isabella. 

Jenny Lind, 

Adelina Patti, 

Harriet Beecher Stowe. 

Writers. 
Victor Hugo, 
Oliver Wendell Holmes, 
James Russell Lowell 
Charles Dickens, 
Washington Irving. 



One Dollar. Sent to any 



A PHKENOLOGICAL BUST. 

Students of Human Nature and all who would know how to 
read character should not fail to secure a bust. This bust is made of 
Plaster of Paris and is so lettered that it showa the exact location of 
each Phrenological Organ. The Head is nearly life-size, and very 
ornamental, and would look attractive on parlor table, office desk 
or mantel. Each bust is accompanied by a book giving a description 
of each faculty and a key to the head. We send it carefully packed, 
upon the receipt of One Dollar Twenty-five cents ($1.25); cheaper 
than it was ever offered before. 

Address all orders to Headquarters. 

PROF. L. B. STEVENS & CO. 

Bluffton, Indiana. 
209 



^c 



s^< 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

027 324 750 6 



